ArticlePLoS neglected tropical diseases2012
Molecular surveillance of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi by genotyping and subtyping parasites in wastewater.
Article in PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 119 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
119 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 213 citations in OpenAlex.
- The largest meta-analysis on the global prevalence of microsporidia in mammals, avian and water provides insights into the epidemic features of these ubiquitous pathogens.Parasites & vectors · 2021Pooled it
- Molecular characterization of intestinal protozoa in an oil wastewater treatment facility; risk for contamination of downstream farmlands.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Gastrointestinal parasites circulating in wild boars from central Italy and molecular characterization of Balantioides coli, Blastocystis sp. and Enterocytozoon bieneusi.Parasitology research · 2026Article
- Prevalence and Multi-Locus Genotyping ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Epidemiologic survey and genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi in sika deer (Cervus nippon) in four provinces of China.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2026Article
- Molecular Characterization and Zoonotic Potential ofTransboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Emergence ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- PCR-based detection ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Identification of two new genetic loci for high-resolution genotyping of Enterocytozoon bieneusi.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2025Article
- Occurrence and Genotypic Identification ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2024Article
- Wastewater-based intestinal protozoa monitoring in Shanghai, China.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Host-specificParasitology · 2024Article
- Wild rodents in three provinces of China exhibit a wide range ofFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Wild sympatric rodents inhabiting pig farm environments may facilitate the spillover of Enterocytozoon bieneusi from pig farms.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2024Article
- Simultaneous detection and quantification of multiple pathogen targets in wastewater.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2023Article
- Quantification of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater samples from hospitals treating COVID-19 patients during the first wave of the pandemic in Brazil.The Science of the total environment · 2023Article
- Molecular identification and genetic characteristics of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients in Shanghai, China.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- Exploring genetic variability ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Wastewater surveillance beyond COVID-19: a ranking system for communicable disease testing in the tri-county Detroit area, Michigan, USA.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Molecular Detection and Genotyping ofAnimals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
59 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDespite their wide occurrence, cryptosporidiosis and giardiasis are considered neglected diseases by the World Health Organization. The epidemiology of these diseases and microsporidiosis in humans in developing countries is poorly understood. The high concentration of pathogens in raw sewage makes the characterization of the transmission of these pathogens simple through the genotype and subtype analysis of a small number of samples. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsThe distribution of genotypes and subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp., Giardia duodenalis, and Enterocytozoon bieneusi in 386 samples of combined sewer systems from Shanghai, Nanjing and Wuhan and the sewer system in Qingdao in China was determined using PCR-sequencing tools. Eimeria spp. were also genotyped to assess the contribution of domestic animals to Cryptosporidium spp., G. duodenalis, and E. bieneusi in wastewater. The high occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. (56.2%), G. duodenalis (82.6%), E. bieneusi (87.6%), and Eimeria/Cyclospora (80.3%) made the source attribution possible. As expected, several human-pathogenic species/genotypes, including Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium meleagridis, G. duodenalis sub-assemblage A-II, and E. bieneusi genotype D, were the dominant parasites in wastewater. In addition to humans, the common presence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Eimeria spp. from rodents indicated that rodents might have contributed to the occurrence of E. bieneusi genotype D in samples. Likewise, the finding of Eimeria spp. and Cryptosporidium baileyi from birds indicated that C. meleagridis might be of both human and bird origins. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: The distribution of Cryptosporidium species, G. duodenalis genotypes and subtypes, and E. bieneusi genotypes in urban wastewater indicates that anthroponotic transmission appeared to be important in epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and microsporidiosis in the study areas. The finding of different distributions of subtypes between Shanghai and Wuhan was indicative of possible differences in the source of C. hominis among different areas in China.
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