ArticlePloS one2012
Re-emergence of the apicomplexan Theileria equi in the United States: elimination of persistent infection and transmission risk.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 74 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tafenoquine succinate inhibits the growth of the equine piroplasmosis hemoparasites Theileria equi and Babesia caballi.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Molecular Detection ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Molecular Prevalence and Genotypic Diversity ofVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Persistence and Transmission Dynamics ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Theileria lestoquardi and malignant theileriosis in small ruminants: an updated review.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Review
- [Equine piroplasmosis: Case descriptions and overview of the epidemiological situation in Europe with focus on Germany].Tierarztliche Praxis. Ausgabe G, Grosstiere/Nutztiere · 2025Review
- Article
- Article
- Equine Piroplasmosis in Asymptomatic Horses of Western Iran: Comparison of Microscopic Examination and Multiplex PCR.Acta parasitologica · 2024Article
- Assessment ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- New insights in the diagnosis and treatment of equine piroplasmosis: pitfalls, idiosyncrasies, and myths.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Review
- Development and evaluation of specific polymerase chain reaction assays for detecting Theileria equi genotypes.Parasites & vectors · 2023Article
- A case of equine piroplasmosis in the Tokyo 2020 Olympic Games.Journal of equine science · 2023Article
- Tulathromycin and Diclazuril Lack Efficacy againstPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Molecular Investigation ofVeterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Clinical Progression ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Spatial and Temporal Circulation ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Serological and molecular detection of Babesia caballi and Theileria equi in Mexico: A prospective study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Molecular and Serological Detection of Piroplasms in Horses from Nigeria.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- First Case of Autochthonous Equine Theileriosis in Austria.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors at 9 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Arthropod-borne apicomplexan pathogens that cause asymptomatic persistent infections present a significant challenge due to their life-long transmission potential. Although anti-microbials have been used to ameliorate acute disease in animals and humans, chemotherapeutic efficacy for apicomplexan pathogen elimination from a persistently infected host and removal of transmission risk is largely unconfirmed. The recent re-emergence of the apicomplexan Theileria equi in U.S. horses prompted testing whether imidocarb dipropionate was able to eliminate T. equi from naturally infected horses and remove transmission risk. Following imidocarb treatment, levels of T. equi declined from a mean of 10(4.9) organisms/ml of blood to undetectable by nested PCR in 24 of 25 naturally infected horses. Further, blood transfer from treated horses that became nested PCR negative failed to transmit to naïve splenectomized horses. Although these results were consistent with elimination of infection in 24 of 25 horses, T. equi-specific antibodies persisted in the majority of imidocarb treated horses. Imidocarb treatment was unsuccessful in one horse which remained infected as measured by nested PCR and retained the ability to infect a naïve recipient via intravenous blood transfer. However, a second round of treatment eliminated T. equi infection. These results support the utility of imidocarb chemotherapy for assistance in the control and eradication of this tick-borne pathogen. Successful imidocarb dipropionate treatment of persistently infected horses provides a tool to aid the global equine industry by removing transmission risk associated with infection and facilitating international movement of equids between endemic and non-endemic regions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.