ArticleInternational journal of legal medicine2012
Reliability of Schmeling's stages of ossification of medial clavicular epiphyses and its validity to assess 18 years of age in living subjects.
Article in International journal of legal medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Validity of age estimation methods and reproducibility of bone/dental maturity indices for chronological age estimation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of validation studies.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- Chronological age estimation based on dental mineralization for Syrian population.International journal of legal medicine · 2024Article
- Use of Advanced Artificial Intelligence in Forensic Medicine, Forensic Anthropology and Clinical Anatomy.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Anatomic shape variants of extremitas sternalis claviculae as collected from sternoclavicular thin-slice CT-studies of 2820 male borderline-adults.International journal of legal medicine · 2019Article
- Computed tomography-based age estimation of illiac crests calcification in 10-29 year-old individuals.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2019Article
- The role of forensic medicine and forensic dentistry in estimating the chronological age of living individuals in Hamburg, Germany.International journal of legal medicine · 2017Article
- Forensic age assessment of asylum seekers in Finland.International journal of legal medicine · 2017Article
- The completely fused medial clavicular epiphysis in high-frequency ultrasound scans as a diagnostic criterion for forensic age estimations in the living.International journal of legal medicine · 2016Article
- Ossification of the Medial Clavicular Epiphysis on Chest Radiographs: Utility and Diagnostic Accuracy in Identifying Korean Adolescents and Young Adults under the Age of Majority.Journal of Korean medical science · 2016Article
- Accuracy of scoring of the epiphyses at the knee joint (SKJ) for assessing legal adult age of 18 years.International journal of legal medicine · 2016Article
- Computed tomography evaluation of the iliac crest apophysis: age estimation in living individuals.International journal of legal medicine · 2016Article
- Contribution of magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist and hand to forensic age assessment.International journal of legal medicine · 2016Article
- A biochemical approach for assessing cutoffs at the age thresholds of 14 and 18 years: a pilot study on the applicability of bone specific alkaline phosphatase on an Italian sample.International journal of legal medicine · 2016Article
- Forensic age diagnostics using projection radiography of the clavicle: a prospective multi-center validation study.International journal of legal medicine · 2016Article
- Reply to the letter to the editor.International journal of legal medicine · 2015Article
- Estimation of forensic age using substages of ossification of the medial clavicle in living individuals.International journal of legal medicine · 2015Article
- Virtual anthropology: useful radiological tools for age assessment in clinical forensic medicine and thanatology.La Radiologia medica · 2015Review
- CT evaluation of timing for ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis in a contemporary Western Australian population.International journal of legal medicine · 2015Article
- Age estimation in children and young adolescents for forensic purposes using fourth cervical vertebra (C4).International journal of legal medicine · 2015Article
- Forensic age estimation by the Schmeling method: computed tomography analysis of the medial clavicular epiphysis.International journal of legal medicine · 2015Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
Nowadays, due to the global increase in migration movements, forensic age estimation of living young adults has become an important focus of interest. Minors often have no identification documents providing their correct birth dates. Establishing the age of majority is therefore fundamental in order to determine whether juvenile penal systems or penal systems in force for adults are to be applied. Radiological examination of the clavicles is one of the methods recommended by the Study Group on Forensic Age Diagnostics. In this retrospective study, a sample of chest radiographs of 274 subjects, aged between 12 and 25 years, was studied according to Schmeling's method in order to examine the ossification of both medial clavicular epiphyses. All stage classifications were evaluated by five examiners. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability was analysed by Cohen's K statistic. Intra-examiner agreement was insufficient for two of the experts. Inter-examiner agreement, among the other three operators, was moderate (K = 0.509). Study of reliability highlighted difficulties in interpretation, the need to select qualified personnel and choice of the best radiographic image in order to reduce any anatomic overlaps. Although ossification of the medial clavicular epiphyses is recommended to assess whether an individual has already reached the age of majority or not, these results suggested that it is very difficult to clearly identify the five stages of ossification by using conventional chest radiography.
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