ArticleAmerican journal of epidemiology2012
Reproductive and hormonal factors in relation to incidence of sarcoidosis in US Black women: The Black Women's Health Study.
Article in American journal of epidemiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 45 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association Between PET/CT Metabolic Parameters and Serum ACE and Calcium Levels in Sarcoidosis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Exploring gender and ethnic disparities in sarcoidosis: insights from the British Thoracic Society UK Interstitial Lung Disease Registry.BMJ open respiratory research · 2025Article
- Incidence, prevalence, and mortality of sarcoidosis in England: a population-based study.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Article
- Phenotypes and Endotypes in Sarcoidosis: Unraveling Prognosis and Disease Course.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Menopausal hormone therapy and risk of sarcoidosis: a population-based nested case-control study in Sweden.European journal of epidemiology · 2024Article
- Interstitial Lung Disease and Sarcoidosis.Clinics in chest medicine · 2023Review
- Epidemiology of Sarcoidosis in U.S. Veterans from 2003 to 2019.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2023Article
- Cutaneous sarcoidosis possibly associated with aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen.JAAD case reports · 2023Article
- Review
- Sex differences in the genetics of sarcoidosis across European and African ancestry populations.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- Clinical features and visual outcomes of ocular sarcoidosis at a tertiary referral center in Tokyo.Graefe's archive for clinical and experimental ophthalmology = Albrecht von Graefes Archiv fur klinische und experimentelle Ophthalmologie · 2022Article
- Reproductive and hormonal risk factors for sarcoidosis: a nested case-control study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Article
- Improvement of pulmonary sarcoidosis following sleeve gastrectomy.Case reports in internal medicine · 2020Article
- The incidence, comorbidity and mortality of sarcoidosis in Korea, 2008-2015: a nationwide population-based study.Sarcoidosis, vasculitis, and diffuse lung diseases : official journal of WASOG · 2020Article
- Article
- Analysis of Age Distribution and Disease Presentation of 1269 Patients with Sarcoidosis.The Eurasian journal of medicine · 2017Article
- Hormonal contraception and the development of autoimmunity: A review of the literature.The Linacre quarterly · 2017Article
- Article
- Epidemiology of Sarcoidosis in a Prospective Cohort Study of U.S. Women.Annals of the American Thoracic Society · 2016Article
- Sarcoidosis: sex-dependent variations in presentation and management.Journal of ophthalmology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The authors assessed the relation of hormonal and pregnancy-related factors to the incidence of sarcoidosis in the Black Women's Health Study. On biennial questionnaires, participants (US black women aged 21-69 years at baseline) reported data on diagnoses of sarcoidosis, reproductive history, and medication use. Cox regression models, adjusted for age, education, geographic region, smoking, and body mass index, were used to estimate incidence rate ratios and 95% confidence intervals. During 694,818 person-years of follow-up from 1995 through 2009, 452 incident cases of sarcoidosis were identified. The incidence of sarcoidosis decreased as age at menopause increased (P-trend = 0.03). Both later age at first full-term birth and having a more recent birth were associated with a reduced incidence of sarcoidosis. In models that included both factors, the incidence rate ratios were 0.60 (95% confidence interval: 0.37, 0.97) for age at first birth ≥30 years versus <20 years (P-trend = 0.05) and 0.73 (95% confidence interval: 0.43, 1.24) for <5 years since last birth versus ≥15 years (P-trend = 0.15). No significant associations were observed with age at menarche, parity, lactation, oral contraceptive use, or female hormone use. These results suggest that later full-term pregnancy and longer exposure to endogenous female hormones may be related to a reduced risk of sarcoidosis.
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