ArticleBMC public health2012
Relationship between mobility, violence and HIV/STI among female sex workers in Andhra Pradesh, India.
Article in BMC public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 69 citations in OpenAlex.
- Reducing violence and increasing condom use in the intimate partnerships of female sex workers: study protocol for Samvedana Plus, a cluster randomised controlled trial in Karnataka state, south India.BMC public health · 2016Trial
- Impact of the RHANI Wives intervention on marital conflict and sexual coercion.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2014Trial
- The Role of Mobility in HIV Intervention Engagement and Community Mobilization among Female Sex Workers Living with HIV in the Dominican Republic.AIDS and behavior · 2026Article
- Barriers and Facilitators of Oral PrEP Uptake Against HIV Among Selected Priority Populations: A Global Perspective.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2026Review
- Longitudinal assessment of changes in hair cortisol levels and associations with violence, poor mental health and harmful substance use among female sex workers in Nairobi, Kenya.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Adaptive engagement within a prospective registry: tracking health, occupation, and social dynamics among female sex workers in Southern Sichuan.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Mobility paradoxes: disruptors, benefits, and agency among mobile female sex workers living with HIV in the Dominican Republic and Tanzania.BMC global and public health · 2024Article
- "You know that we travel a lot": Mobility narratives among female sex workers living with HIV in Tanzania and the Dominican Republic.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Predictors of mobility among women engaged in commercial sex work in Uganda using generalized estimating equations model.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2023Article
- Gender-based violence and associated factors among female sex workers in Ethiopia. Evidence from The National Bio-behavioral Survey, 2020.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Client-perpetrated gender-based violence among female sex workers in conflict-affected Northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Mapping Workplace Neighborhood Mobility Among Sex Workers in an Urban Canadian Setting: Results of a Community-Based Spatial Epidemiological Study From 2010-2016.Journal of interpersonal violence · 2021Article
- Mobility study of young women who exchange sex for money or commodities using Google Maps and qualitative methods in Kampala, Uganda.BMJ open · 2021Article
- Article
- Syndemic Psychosocial Health Conditions Associated with Recent Client-Perpetrated Violence Against Female Entertainment and Sex Workers in Cambodia.Archives of sexual behavior · 2020Article
- The HIV care continuum and HIV-1 drug resistance among female sex workers: a key population in Guinea-Bissau.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Article
- HIV treatment response among female sex workers participating in a treatment as prevention demonstration project in Cotonou, Benin.PloS one · 2020Article
- Antiretroviral drug use and HIV drug resistance in female sex workers in Tanzania and the Dominican Republic.PloS one · 2020Article
- Unseen, unheard and unprotected: prevalence and correlates of violence among female sex workers in Mozambique.Culture, health & sexuality · 2019Article
- Alcohol Use and Experiences of Partner Violence Among Female Sex Workers in Coastal Andhra Pradesh, India.Violence against women · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundViolence and mobility have been identified as critical factors contributing to the spread of HIV worldwide. This study aimed to assess the independent and combined associations of mobility and violence with sexual risk behaviors and HIV, STI prevalence among female sex workers (FSWs) in India.
methodsData were drawn from a cross-sectional, bio-behavioral survey conducted among 2042 FSWs across five districts of southern India in 2005-06. Regression models were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for sexual risk behaviors and HIV infection based on experience of violence and mobility after adjusting for socio-demographic and sex work related characteristics.
resultsOne-fifth of FSWs (19%) reported experiencing violence; 68% reported travelling outside their current place of residence at least once in the past year and practicing sex work during their visit. Mobile FSWs were more likely to report violence compared to their counterparts (23% vs. 10%, p < 0.001). Approximately 1 in 5 tested positive for HIV. In adjusted models, FSWs reporting both mobility and violence as compared to their counterparts were more likely to be infected with HIV (Adjusted odds ratio (adjusted OR): 2.07, 95% CI: 1.42-3.03) and to report unprotected sex with occasional (adjusted OR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.76-4.65) and regular clients (adjusted OR: 2.07, 95% CI: 1.40-3.06).
conclusionsThe findings indicate that mobility and violence were independently associated with HIV infection. Notably, the combined effect of mobility and violence posed greater HIV risk than their independent effect. These results point to the need for the provision of an enabling environment and safe spaces for FSWs who are mobile, to augment existing efforts to reduce the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.