ReviewLeukemia & lymphoma2013
Molecular mechanism of action of immune-modulatory drugs thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide in multiple myeloma.
Review in Leukemia & lymphoma, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 143 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
143 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 285 citations in OpenAlex.
- Triplet RVd Induction for Transplant-Eligible Newly Diagnosed Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Advances in therapy · 2022Pooled it
- Integration of healthy volunteers in early phase clinical trials with immuno-oncological compounds.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness analyses of targeted oral anti-cancer drugs: a systematic review.PharmacoEconomics · 2014Pooled it
- Safety, Activity, and Long-term Outcomes of Pomalidomide in the Treatment of Kaposi Sarcoma among Individuals with or without HIV Infection.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2022Trial
- Cereblon modulator iberdomide induces degradation of the transcription factors Ikaros and Aiolos: immunomodulation in healthy volunteers and relevance to systemic lupus erythematosus.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2018Trial
- Safety considerations for cereblon-recruiting targeted protein degraders.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Binding Modes of Thalidomide Derivatives in Cereblon-Neosubstrate Complexes Revealed by Molecular Dynamics and Free Energy Calculations.ACS omega · 2026Article
- The Contribution of Native Protein Complexes to Targeted Protein Degradation.ACS chemical biology · 2026Article
- Monocyte-mediated metabolic rewiring via CD31-CD38 interactions promotes growth and drug-resistance in multiple myeloma.HemaSphere · 2026Article
- Genomic profiling enables personalized strategies to overcome drug resistance in multiple myeloma.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Cereblon upregulation overcomes thalidomide resistance in multiple myeloma through mitochondrial functional reprogramming.BMB reports · 2026Article
- A phase 1 study of blinatumomab/lenalidomide in relapsed/refractory B-cell lymphoma: toxicity, efficacy, and correlative analysis.Blood advances · 2026Article
- Emerging role of G protein-coupled receptor class C group 5 member D-directed immunotherapy in multiple myeloma: Advances, resistance and combination strategies.British journal of haematology · 2025Review
- The Impact of Endothelial Cell Values in Bone Marrow on the Survival of Patients with Multiple Myeloma-A Single-Center Observational Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- New insight into teratogenic effects of (S)-thalidomide in zebrafish embryos growing inside the chorion and subjected to electric pulses.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Enhanced Bioavailability of a Thionated IMiD Derivative Nanosuspension for Parkinson's Disease Targeting α-Synuclein.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Clinical Efficacy of Isatuximab Plus Carfilzomib and Dexamethasone in Relapsed/Refractory Multiple Myeloma Patients.European journal of haematology · 2025Observational
- Identifying novel aging-related diagnostic and prognostic models and aging-targeted drugs for sepsis patients.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Lymphocyte profile in peripheral blood of patients with multiple myeloma.Annals of hematology · 2024Article
- Classification of anticancer drugs: an update with FDA- and EMA-approved drugs.Cancer metastasis reviews · 2024Review
83 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the activity of thalidomide, lenalidomide and pomalidomide in multiple myeloma (MM), including demonstrable anti-angiogenic, anti-proliferative and immunomodulatory effects, the precise cellular targets and molecular mechanisms have only recently become clear. A landmark study recently identified cereblon (CRBN) as a primary target of thalidomide teratogenicity. Subsequently it was demonstrated that CRBN is also required for the anti-myeloma activity of thalidomide and related drugs, the so-called immune-modulatory drugs (IMiDs). Low CRBN expression was found to correlate with drug resistance in MM cell lines and primary MM cells. One of the downstream targets of CRBN identified is interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4), which is critical for myeloma cell survival and is down-regulated by IMiD treatment. CRBN is also implicated in several effects of IMiDs, such as down-regulation of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and T cell immunomodulatory activity, demonstrating that the pleotropic actions of the IMiDs are initiated by binding to CRBN. Future dissection of CRBN downstream signaling will help to delineate the underlying mechanisms for IMiD action and eventually lead to development of new drugs with more specific anti-myeloma activities. It may also provide a biomarker to predict IMiD response and resistance.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.