ArticleDiabetes2012
Novel and reversible mechanisms of smoking-induced insulin resistance in humans.
Article in Diabetes, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT01926041 (The Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation in Prediabetic Smokers), which is not on this map. Cited by 80 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effectiveness of Smoking Cessation in Prediabetic Smokers
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 159 citations in OpenAlex.
- Smoking Status and Type 2 Diabetes, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Analysis of Shared Genetic Etiology and Causal Relationship.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Pooled it
- Relation of active, passive, and quitting smoking with incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2015 · on this mapPooled it
- Effectiveness of Health Coaching in Smoking Cessation and Promoting the Use of Oral Smoking Cessation Drugs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- Exercise and Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes in Adult Female Smokers: A Pilot Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Trial
- Effectiveness of lifestyle change plus dental care (LCDC) program on improving glycemic and periodontal status in the elderly with type 2 diabetes.BMC oral health · 2014Trial
- Application of Artificial Intelligence in the Diagnosis, Prediction, and Management of Metabolic Syndrome: A Systematic Review.Health science reports · 2026Review
- Article
- Association of Conventional and Electronic Cigarette Use with Obesity and Central Obesity Among Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of the 2016-2018 KNHANES (2016-2018).Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Article
- Article
- The Insulin-Urothelial Axis: Evaluating Insulin Resistance as a Convergent Driver of Bladder Cancer Across Diverse Risk Factor Profiles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Interaction patterns among risk factors for bladder cancer in adults with type 2 diabetes managed in primary care: a retrospective cohort study.BJGP open · 2026Article
- Central obesity and glycaemic control in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients: evidence from Uzbekistan.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Observational
- The association between cardiometabolic index and hypertension-diabetes comorbidity among adults aged 45 and older: evidence from two national databases.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- Smoking, GAD65 autoimmunity, genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and incident adult-onset diabetes in the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study.Metabologia · 2026Article
- Cigarette smoking, smoking cessation, and overactive bladder (OAB): a cross-sectional research of NHANES 2011 to 2018.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Insulin Resistance at the Crossroads of Metabolic Inflammation, Cardiovascular Disease, Organ Failure and Cancer.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Surfactant Protein D Mediates the Association Between Smoking and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Incidence in the Spanish Adult Population: Di@bet.es Study.Journal of xenobiotics · 2025Article
- Relationship between urinary iodine concentration and all-cause mortality in individuals with diabetes: An analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 - 2018.Hormones (Athens, Greece) · 2025Article
- Efficient Mendelian randomization analysis with self-adaptive determination of sample structure and multiple pleiotropic effects.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- Longitudinal MRI study over 20 years of cervical posterior extensor muscle area in asymptomatic subjects.Scientific reports · 2025Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Smoking is the most common cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States, in part because it is an independent risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. However, mechanisms responsible for smoking-induced insulin resistance are unclear. In this study, we found smokers were less insulin sensitive compared with controls, which increased after either 1 or 2 weeks of smoking cessation. Improvements in insulin sensitivity after smoking cessation occurred with normalization of IRS-1(ser636) phosphorylation. In muscle cell culture, nicotine exposure significantly increased IRS-1(ser636) phosphorylation and decreased insulin sensitivity, recapitulating the phenotype of smoking-induced insulin resistance in humans. The two pathways known to stimulate IRS-1(ser636) phosphorylation (p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase [MAPK] and mammalian target of rapamycin [mTOR]) were both stimulated by nicotine in culture. Inhibition of mTOR, but not p44/42 MAPK, during nicotine exposure prevented IRS-1(ser636) phosphorylation and normalized insulin sensitivity. These data indicate nicotine induces insulin resistance in skeletal muscle by activating mTOR. Therapeutic agents designed to oppose skeletal muscle mTOR activation may prevent insulin resistance in humans who are unable to stop smoking or are chronically exposed to secondhand smoke.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.