SynthesisNeurology2012
Associations of welding and manganese exposure with Parkinson disease: review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Non-Genetic Risk Factors for Parkinson's Disease: An Overview of 46 Systematic Reviews.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2021Pooled it
- Population-based study of environmental/occupational lead exposure and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2020Pooled it
- Occupational Exposures and Neurodegenerative Diseases-A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analyses.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Solvents and Parkinson disease: a systematic review of toxicological and epidemiological evidence.Toxicology and applied pharmacology · 2013Pooled it
- Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of Targeting Mitophagy in Neurodegenerative Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Reframing welders' parkinsonism: from the "idiopathic" label to biological causation and legal recognition.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Review
- Machine learning-based non-invasive Parkinson's disease diagnostic model using clinical blood biomarkers.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Environmental toxins in neurodegeneration - a narrative review.Neurological research and practice · 2025Review
- Biotin mitigates the development of manganese-induced, Parkinson's disease-related neurotoxicity inScience signaling · 2025Article
- Manganese and Vanadium Co-Exposure Induces Severe Neurotoxicity in the Olfactory System: Relevance to Metal-Induced Parkinsonism.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Manganese-Induced Parkinsonism: Evidence from Epidemiological and Experimental Studies.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- An Overview of the Relationship Between Occupational Manganese Exposure and Parkinsonism.Cureus · 2022Review
- Prevalence of Parkinsonism Among Foundry Workers in an Automobile Manufacturing Factory in Tehran.Cureus · 2022Article
- Environmental exposures and the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease: The potential role of BACE1 as a critical neurotoxic target.Journal of biochemical and molecular toxicology · 2021Review
- Parkinson's disease in a worker exposed to insecticides at a greenhouse.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2021Article
- Respirator usage protects brain white matter from welding fume exposure: A pilot magnetic resonance imaging study of welders.Neurotoxicology · 2020Article
- Environmental neurotoxicant-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration: a potential link to impaired neuroinflammatory mechanisms.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2019Review
- Iron and manganese-related CNS toxicity: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment.Expert review of neurotherapeutics · 2019Review
- Conditioning Against the Pathology of Parkinson's disease.Conditioning medicine · 2018Article
- Dietary trace element intake and liver cancer risk: Results from two population-based cohorts in China.International journal of cancer · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine associations of welding and manganese exposure with Parkinson disease (PD) using meta-analyses of data from cohort, case-control, and mortality studies.
methodsEpidemiologic studies related to welding or manganese exposure and PD were identified in a PubMed search, article references, published reviews, and abstracts. Inclusion criteria were 1) cohort, case-control, or mortality study with relative risk (RR), odds ratio (OR), or mortality OR (MOR) and 95 confidence intervals (95% CI); 2) RR, OR, and MOR matched or adjusted for age and sex; 3) valid study design and analysis. When participants of a study were a subgroup of those in a larger study, only results of the larger study were included to assure independence of datasets. Pooled RR/OR estimates and 95% CIs were obtained using random effects models; heterogeneity of study effects were evaluated using the Q statistic and I(2) index in fixed effect models.
resultsThirteen studies met inclusion criteria for the welding meta-analysis and 3 studies for the manganese exposure meta-analysis. The pooled RR for the association between welding and PD for all study designs was 0.86 (95% CI 0.80-0.92), with absence of between-study heterogeneity (I(2) = 0.0). Effect measures for cohort, case-control, and mortality studies were similar (0.91, 0.82, 0.87). For the association between manganese exposure and PD, the pooled OR was 0.76 (95% CI 0.41-1.42).
conclusionsWelding and manganese exposure are not associated with increased PD risk. Possible explanations for the inverse association between welding and PD include confounding by smoking, healthy worker effect, and hormesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.