Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22965405›Full record

ArticleDiseases of the colon and rectum2012

Fecal incontinence decreases sexual quality of life, but does not prevent sexual activity in women.

Laurel R Imhoff, Jeanette S Brown, Jennifer M Creasman, Leslee L Subak, Stephen K Van den Eeden, David H Thom, Madhulika G Varma, Alison J Huang

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Diseases of the colon and rectum, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
19citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 14% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. The socioeconomic burden of pelvic floor disorders.Acta obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica · 2026
    Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Sexual health and wellbeing among female pelvic cancer survivors following individualized interventions in a nurse-led clinic.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2022
    Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Fecal Incontinence: Epidemiology, Impact, and Treatment.Clinics in colon and rectal surgery · 2016
    Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Laurel R ImhoffDepartment of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco-East Bay, Oakland, California, USA. laurel.imhoff@ucsf.edu
Jeanette S Brown
Jennifer M Creasman
Leslee L Subak
Stephen K Van den Eeden
David H Thom
Madhulika G Varma
Alison J Huang
University of California, San Francisco · USCalifornia State University, East Bay · USKaiser Permanente · US

Funding

Urinary Incontinence: Reproductive/Hormonal Risk FactorsP50DK064538 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI BROWN, JEANETTE S · 2002 to 2011
$11.5M
URINARY INCONTINENCE--REPRODUCTIVE/HORMONAL RISK FACTORSR01DK053335 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN FRANCISCO · PI THOM, DAVID H · 1998 to 2001
$970k
A Multidimensional Approach to Urogenital Aging in Older WomenK23AG038335 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HUANG, ALISON · 2011 to 2013
$504k
NIA NIH HHS 1K23AG038335-01A1NIA NIH HHS K23 AG038335NIDDK NIH HHS DK53335NIDDK NIH HHS P50 DK064538NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK053335
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe impact of anal incontinence on women's sexual function is poorly understood.

objectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anal incontinence and sexual activity and functioning in women.

designThis is a cross-sectional study. SETTINGS: This investigation was conducted in a community-based integrated health care delivery system. PATIENTS: Included were 2269 ethnically diverse women aged 40 to 80 years.

main outcome measuresSelf-administered questionnaires assessed accidental leakage of gas (flatal incontinence) and fluid/mucus/stool (fecal incontinence) in the past 3 months. Additional questionnaires assessed sexual activity, desire and satisfaction, as well as specific sexual problems (difficulty with arousal, lubrication, orgasm, or pain). Multivariable logistic regression models compared sexual function in women with 1) isolated flatal incontinence, 2) fecal incontinence (with or without flatal incontinence), and 3) no fecal/flatal incontinence, controlling for potential confounders.

resultsTwenty-four percent of women reported fecal incontinence and 43% reported isolated flatal incontinence in the previous 3 months. The majority were sexually active (62% of women without fecal/flatal incontinence, 66% with isolated flatal incontinence, and 60% with fecal incontinence; p = 0.06). In comparison with women without fecal/flatal incontinence, women with fecal incontinence were more likely to report low sexual desire (OR: 1.41 (CI: 1.10-1.82)), low sexual satisfaction (OR: 1.56 (CI: 1.14-2.12)), and limitation of sexual activity by physical health (OR: 1.65 (CI: 1.19-2.28)) after adjustment for confounders. Among sexually active women, women with fecal incontinence were more likely than women without fecal/flatal incontinence to report difficulties with lubrication (OR: 2.66 (CI: 1.76-4.00)), pain (OR: 2.44 (CI: 1.52-3.91)), and orgasm (OR: 1.68 (CI: 1.12-2.51)). Women with isolated flatal incontinence reported sexual functioning similar to women without fecal/flatal incontinence. LIMITATIONS: The cross-sectional design prevented evaluation of causality.

conclusionsAlthough most women with fecal incontinence are at high risk for several aspects of sexual dysfunction, the presence of fecal incontinence does not prevent women from engaging in sexual activity. This indicates that sexual function is important to women with anal incontinence and should be prioritized during therapeutic management.

Indexed as

Quality of LifeSexual BehaviorAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAnalysis of VarianceCaliforniaChi-Square DistributionCross-Sectional StudiesFecal IncontinenceFemaleFlatulenceHumansLogistic ModelsMiddle AgedSurveys and Questionnaires

Identifiers

PMID22965405
PMCPMC3720983
OpenAlexW37783563

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.