ReviewCurrent opinion in HIV and AIDS2012
The clinical pharmacology of antiretrovirals for HIV prevention.
Review in Current opinion in HIV and AIDS, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Daily and non-daily pre-exposure prophylaxis in African women (HPTN 067/ADAPT Cape Town Trial): a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial.The lancet. HIV · 2018Trial
- A Phase 1 Randomized, Blinded Comparison of the Pharmacokinetics and Colonic Distribution of Three Candidate Rectal Microbicide Formulations of Tenofovir 1% Gel with Simulated Unprotected Sex (CHARM-02).AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Trial
- Trial
- Single dose pharmacokinetics of oral tenofovir in plasma, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, colonic tissue, and vaginal tissue.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2013Trial
- Efficacy of preexposure prophylaxis for HIV-1 prevention among high-risk heterosexuals: subgroup analyses from a randomized trial.AIDS (London, England) · 2013Trial
- PrEP-ared for Surgery? A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Perioperative Recommendations for Anesthesia Providers.AANA journal · 2025Review
- Sex Differences in HIV Infection.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2018Review
- Experiences with HPTN 067/ADAPT Study-Provided Open-Label PrEP Among Women in Cape Town: Facilitators and Barriers Within a Mutuality Framework.AIDS and behavior · 2017Article
- Tenofovir-based oral preexposure prophylaxis prevents HIV infection among women.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2016Review
- Drug delivery strategies and systems for HIV/AIDS pre-exposure prophylaxis and treatment.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2015Review
- Daily oral emtricitabine/tenofovir preexposure prophylaxis and herpes simplex virus type 2 among men who have sex with men.PloS one · 2014Article
- Interactions of peptide triazole thiols with Env gp120 induce irreversible breakdown and inactivation of HIV-1 virions.Retrovirology · 2013Article
- Antiretroviral treatment of HIV-1 prevents transmission of HIV-1: where do we go from here?Lancet (London, England) · 2013Review
- Use of antiretrovirals for HIV prevention: what do we know and what don't we know?Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2013Review
- HIV PrEP Trials: The Road to Success.Clinical investigation · 2013Article
- Persistence of viral reservoirs in multiple tissues after antiretroviral therapy suppression in a macaque RT-SHIV model.PloS one · 2013Article
- Rectal transmission of transmitted/founder HIV-1 is efficiently prevented by topical 1% tenofovir in BLT humanized mice.PloS one · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purpose of reviewPre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) clinical trial results using antiretrovirals can seem confusing, if not conflicting. We review recent antiretroviral pharmacokinetic studies to help explain PrEP trial results. RECENT
findingsPharmacokinetic studies indicate that topical dosing, compared with oral dosing, achieves far higher colon and vaginal tissue drug concentrations, and far lower drug concentrations in blood. After oral dosing, higher tenofovir diphosphate concentrations are found in colon tissue than cervico-vaginal tissue, but the reverse is the case for emtricitabine triphosphate, although it does not persist as long. Vaginal dosing achieves measurable tenofovir concentrations in the rectum and vice versa. Within and among oral PrEP trials, increased drug concentration is associated with increased HIV protection, with drug concentration differences best explained by adherence, rather than pharmacokinetics. The poor level of protection in topical studies is not consistent with concentration-response in oral studies indicating unknown variables in need of further investigation. SUMMARY: Sparse pharmacokinetic sampling in large trials combined with more intensive sampling in smaller pharmacokinetic-focused studies help explain trial outcome differences due largely to differences in adherence, tissue pharmacokinetics, and type of HIV exposure. Pharmacokinetic analysis can identify protective drug concentration targets, guide dose optimization, and inform future trials.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.