ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2012
Pharmacoresistance and the role of surgery in difficult to treat epilepsy.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 202 citations in OpenAlex.
- Deep brain stimulation of the thalamus for intractable epilepsy (FRANCE study): A randomized clinical trial.Epilepsia · 2026Trial
- Safety, Efficacy, and Tolerability of Modified Atkins Diet in Persons With Drug-Resistant Epilepsy: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Neurology · 2023Trial
- Artificial intelligence-based statistical modeling delineates architectural distortion in focal cortical dysplasia.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Magnetoencephalography (MEG) Augments Semiology in Stereotactic Electroencephalography (SEEG) Evaluations.Brain sciences · 2026Article
- AAV-mediated GPR173 gene therapy attenuates long-term refractory epilepsy by enhancing synaptic GABAActa pharmacologica Sinica · 2026Article
- Phantom and in vivo validation of a novel contactless registration method for robot-assisted SEEG surgery.Chinese neurosurgical journal · 2025Article
- The use of automated and AI-driven algorithms for the detection of hippocampal sclerosis and focal cortical dysplasia.Epilepsia · 2025Review
- Prediction of Pharmacoresistance in Drug-Naïve Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Using Ictal EEGs Based on Convolutional Neural Network.Neuroscience bulletin · 2025Article
- Ferroptosis-Related Gene Signatures in Epilepsy: Diagnostic and Immune Insights.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Healthcare Utilization and Cost in the Two Years Before Neuromodulation Implantation Among Medicaid Enrollees with Drug-Resistant Epilepsy.ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2025Article
- The effect of vagus nerve stimulation on heart rate and respiration rate and their impact on seizure susceptibility in anaesthetized rats under pentylenetetrazol.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
- Subcortical Gray Matter Volume Abnormalities in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Atrophy.Clinical medicine & research · 2024Observational
- The bidirectional role of music effect in epilepsy: Friend or foe?Epilepsia open · 2024Review
- Unearthing the mechanisms of responsive neurostimulation for epilepsy.Communications medicine · 2023Review
- In vivo characterization of magnetic resonance imaging-based T1w/T2w ratios reveals myelin-related changes in temporal lobe epilepsy.Human brain mapping · 2023Article
- The intralaminar thalamus: a review of its role as a target in functional neurosurgery.Brain communications · 2023Review
- Blockade of Kv1.3 Potassium Channel Inhibits Microglia-Mediated Neuroinflammation in Epilepsy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Profiling Analysis of Circular RNA and mRNA in Human Temporal Lobe Epilepsy with Hippocampal Sclerosis ILAE Type 1.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Pulsed-Focused Ultrasound Provides Long-Term Suppression of Epileptiform Bursts in the Kainic Acid-Induced Epilepsy Rat Model.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2022Article
- Frontal lobe seizures: overview and update.Journal of neurology · 2022Review
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Pharmacoresistance occurs in up to 30% of patients with epilepsy, and is most commonly associated with epilepsy of structural or metabolic origin, abnormal findings on brain imaging or examination, and failure to respond to the first two antiepileptic drugs. However, in patients presumed to have difficult to treat epilepsy, factors that might result in apparent treatment resistance (misdiagnosis of epilepsy, incorrect drug and/or dose, and lifestyle issues) must first be excluded and the diagnosis re-examined. Epilepsy is commonly misdiagnosed, especially in patients with syncope and psychogenic events. The initial steps in confirming the diagnoses of both epilepsy and pharmacoresistance are to obtain a detailed, reliable history and to conduct a careful review of all prior trials of antiepileptic drug therapy. Once the diagnoses of epilepsy and pharmacoresistance are confirmed, the seizure type, epilepsy syndrome, and expected course of the disorder dictate its medical and surgical management. Epilepsy surgery should be considered promptly in these patients, since few interventions are as effective as brain surgery in this setting, particularly in patients with focal pharmacoresistant epilepsy. This Review discusses the concept of pharmacoresistance and describes the approach to management of the patient with difficult to treat epilepsy, focusing on the important role of epilepsy surgery.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.