ArticleEmergency medicine journal : EMJ2013
Are boys and girls that different? An analysis of traumatic brain injury in children.
Article in Emergency medicine journal : EMJ, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pediatric Ocular Trauma: Not Just a Pediatric Trauma Center Problem.Pediatric emergency care · 2026Article
- Child occupant injuries in the United Arab Emirates: a case for a safe system approach.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Characteristics of traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents hospitalized in a Brazilian trauma reference center: a retrospective cross-sectional study.Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria · 2025Article
- Risk of Healing Complications Following Alveolar Process Fractures in the Primary Dentition: A Retrospective Clinical Cohort Study.Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology · 2025Article
- Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Behavior and Sleep Among 9- and 10-Year Old Children: Initial Findings From the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.The Journal of early adolescence · 2023Article
- Article
- Birth order and pediatric traumatic brain injury.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- The effect of birth order on length of hospitalization for pediatric traumatic brain injury: an analysis of the 1987 Finnish birth cohort.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2022Article
- Moderate and severe TBI in children and adolescents: The effects of age, sex, and injury severity on patient outcome 6 months after injury.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Health Care Resources and 24,910 Deaths Due to Traffic Accidents: An Ecological Mortality Study in Poland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Article
- Pattern and Outcome of Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury at Hawassa University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Southern Ethiopia: Observational Cross-Sectional Study.Emergency medicine international · 2020Article
- Sex Differences in Traumatic Brain Injury: What We Know and What We Should Know.Journal of neurotrauma · 2019Article
- Incretin Mimetics as Rational Candidates for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury.ACS pharmacology & translational science · 2019Article
- Towards a more positive view of healthcare in Ireland.Irish journal of medical science · 2019Article
- Social dysfunction after pediatric traumatic brain injury: A translational perspective.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2016Review
- Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury and Autism: Elucidating Shared Mechanisms.Behavioural neurology · 2016Review
- Frequency, Causes, and Places of Unintentional Injuries in a Nationally Representative Sample of Iranian Children and Adolescents: The CASPIAN-IV Study.International journal of preventive medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionThe Phillips Report on traumatic brain injury (TBI) in Ireland found that injury was more frequent in men and that gender differences were present in childhood. This study determined when gender differences emerge and examined the effect of gender on the mechanism of injury, injury type and severity and outcome.
methodsA national prospective, observational study was conducted over a 2-year period. All patients under 17 years of age referred to a neurosurgical service following TBI were included. Data on patient demographics, events surrounding injury, injury type and severity, patient management and outcome were collected from 'on-call' logbooks and neurosurgical admissions records.
results342 patients were included. Falls were the leading cause of injury for both sexes. Boys' injuries tended to involve greater energy transfer and involved more risk-prone behaviour resulting in a higher rate of other (non-brain) injury and a higher mortality rate. Intentional injury occurred only in boys. While injury severity was similar for boys and girls, significant gender differences in injury type were present; extradural haematomas were significantly higher in boys (p=0.014) and subdural haematomas were significantly higher in girls (p=0.011). Mortality was 1.8% for girls and 4.3% for boys.
conclusionsFalls were responsible for most TBI, the home is the most common place of injury and non-operable TBI was common. These findings relate to all children. Significant gender differences exist from infancy. Boys sustained injuries associated with a greater energy transfer, were less likely to use protective devices and more likely to be injured deliberately. This results in a different pattern of injury, higher levels of associated injury and a higher mortality rate.
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Registered trials
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