Trial reportThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2012
Occipital transcranial magnetic stimulation has an activity-dependent suppressive effect.
Trial report in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of experimental factors influencing single-pulse TMS effects on the early visual cortex.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2024Pooled it
- Covert spatial attention is uniform across cardinal meridians despite differential adaptation.Journal of vision · 2026Article
- Covert spatial attention is uniform across cardinal meridians despite differential adaptation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Pattern Electroretinography Changes in Amblyopic Adults After Theta Burst Stimulation.The European journal of neuroscience · 2025Article
- Visual adaptation stronger at the horizontal than the vertical meridian: Linking performance with V1 cortical surface area.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Article
- Connectivity by the Frontal Aslant Tract (FAT) Explains Local Functional Specialization of the Superior and Inferior Frontal Gyri in Humans When Choosing Predictive over Reactive Strategies: A Tractography-Guided TMS Study.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2023Article
- Dissociable roles of human frontal eye fields and early visual cortex in presaccadic attention.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Transcranial magnetic stimulation to frontal but not occipital cortex disrupts endogenous attention.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Theta burst stimulation in adults with symmetric and asymmetric visual acuity.International ophthalmology · 2022Article
- Continuous and intermittent theta burst stimulation to the visual cortex do not alter GABA and glutamate concentrations measured by magnetic resonance spectroscopy.Brain and behavior · 2022Article
- How to Test the Association Between Baseline Performance Level and the Modulatory Effects of Non-Invasive Brain Stimulation Techniques.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Article
- Thematic Reanalysis in the Left Posterior Parietal Sulcus: A TMS Study.Neurobiology of language (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2021Article
- Extinguishing Exogenous Attention via Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation.Current biology : CB · 2020Article
- The Motor Network Reduces Multisensory Illusory Perception.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2018Article
- Initial activation state, stimulation intensity and timing of stimulation interact in producing behavioral effects of TMS.Neuroscience · 2017Article
- Emotional processing and rTMS: does inhibitory theta burst stimulation affect the human startle reflex?Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2016Article
- Attention Reorients Periodically.Current biology : CB · 2016Article
- Shining new light on dark percepts: visual sensations induced by TMS.Experimental brain research · 2015Article
- The right temporoparietal junction plays a causal role in maintaining the internal representation of verticality.Journal of neurophysiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) vary depending on the brain state at the stimulation moment. Four mechanisms have been proposed to underlie these effects: (1) virtual lesion--TMS suppresses neural signals; (2) preferential activation of less active neurons--TMS drives up activity in the stimulated area, but active neurons are saturating; (3) noise generation--TMS adds random neuronal activity, and its effect interacts with stimulus intensity; and (4) noise generation--TMS adds random neuronal activity, and its effect depends on TMS intensity. Here we explore these hypotheses by investigating the effects of TMS on early visual cortex by assessing the contrast response function while varying the adaptation state of the observers. We tested human participants in an orientation discrimination task, in which performance is contingent upon contrast sensitivity. Before each trial, neuronal activation of visual cortex was altered through contrast adaptation to two flickering gratings. In a factorial design, with or without adaptation, a single TMS pulse was delivered simultaneously with targets of varying contrast. Adaptation decreased contrast sensitivity. The effect of TMS on performance was state dependent: TMS decreased contrast sensitivity in the absence of adaptation but increased it after adaptation. None of the proposed mechanisms can account for the results in their entirety, in particular, for the facilitatory effect at intermediate to high contrasts after adaptation. We propose an alternative hypothesis: TMS effects are activity dependent, so that TMS suppresses the most active neurons and thereby changes the balance between excitation and inhibition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.