Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22956620›Full record

ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2012

Gene expression in human accessory lacrimal glands of Wolfring.

John L Ubels, Ilene K Gipson, Sandra J Spurr-Michaud, Ann S Tisdale, Rachel E Van Dyken, Mark P Hatton

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
18citing papers in PubMed
3.5field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

18 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Review
  3. Article
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  9. TFOS DEWS II pain and sensation report.The ocular surface · 2017
    Review
  10. Article
  11. Signaling Pathways of Purinergic Receptors and Their Interactions with Cholinergic and Adrenergic Pathways in the Lacrimal Gland.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2016
    Review
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Ocular surface development and gene expression.Journal of ophthalmology · 2013
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.

John L UbelsDepartment of Biology, Calvin College, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49546, USA. jubels@calvin.edu
Ilene K Gipson
Sandra J Spurr-Michaud
Ann S Tisdale
Rachel E Van Dyken
Mark P Hatton
Calvin University · USMassachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary · USHarvard University · USOphthalmic Consultants of Boston · US

Funding

MUCINS OF THE OCULAR SURFACER01EY003306 · NEI · SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI GIPSON, ILENE K. · 1985 to 2015
$8.9M
CELL MOTILITY AND ADHESION IN CORNEAL WOUND HEALINGR37EY003306 · NEI · SCHEPENS EYE RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI GIPSON, ILENE K. · 1990 to 1999
–
NEI NIH HHS EY03306NEI NIH HHS R01 EY003306NEI NIH HHS R37 EY003306
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThe accessory lacrimal glands are assumed to contribute to the production of tear fluid, but little is known about their function. The goal of this study was to conduct an analysis of gene expression by glands of Wolfring that would provide a more complete picture of the function of these glands.

methodsGlands of Wolfring were isolated from frozen sections of human eyelids by laser microdissection. RNA was extracted from the cells and hybridized to gene expression arrays. The expression of several of the major genes was confirmed by immunohistochemistry.

resultsOf the 24 most highly expressed genes, 9 were of direct relevance to lacrimal function. These included lysozyme, lactoferrin, tear lipocalin, and lacritin. The glands of Wolfring are enriched in genes related to protein synthesis, targeting, and secretion, and a large number of genes for proteins with antimicrobial activity were detected. Ion channels and transporters, carbonic anhydrase, and aquaporins were abundantly expressed. Genes for control of lacrimal function, including cholinergic, adrenergic, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, purinergic, androgen, and prolactin receptors were also expressed in gland of Wolfring.

conclusionsThe data suggest that the function of glands of Wolfring is similar to that of main lacrimal glands and are consistent with secretion electrolytes, fluid, and protein under nervous and hormonal control. Since these glands secrete directly onto the ocular surface, their location may allow rapid response to exogenous stimuli and makes them readily accessible to topical drugs.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAged, 80 and overEyelidsEye ProteinsFemaleFluorescent Antibody Technique, IndirectGene ExpressionGene Expression ProfilingGlycoproteinsHumansLacrimal ApparatusLactoferrinLipocalinsMaleMicroscopy, FluorescenceEye ProteinsGlycoproteinsLACRT protein, humanLactoferrinLipocalinsLTF protein, humanMuramidase

Identifiers

PMID22956620
PMCPMC4113189
OpenAlexW2039231941

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.