ArticlePloS one2012
Association of educational, occupational and socioeconomic status with cardiovascular risk factors in Asian Indians: a cross-sectional study.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 134 citations in OpenAlex.
- Socioeconomic status and non-communicable disease behavioural risk factors in low-income and lower-middle-income countries: a systematic review.The Lancet. Global health · 2017Pooled it
- Prevalence and Predictors of Obesity and Overweight among Adults Visiting Primary Care Settings in the Southwestern Region, Saudi Arabia.BioMed research international · 2019Trial
- Socio-economic status and behavioural and cardiovascular risk factors in Papua New Guinea: A cross-sectional survey.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Association between socioeconomic position and cardiovascular disease risk factors in rural north India: The Solan Surveillance Study.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Dyslipidemias and Elevated Cardiovascular Risk on Lopinavir-Based Antiretroviral Therapy in Cambodia.PloS one · 2016Trial
- The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors Among Some Selected Workers at a Ghanaian University: A Quantitative Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Insufficient physical activity and diabetes mellitus prevalence in Iran: an estimated population attributable fraction analysis using STEPS 2021 data.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and comorbidities of self-reported physician-diagnosed obesity among adults attending primary healthcare centers in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: a cross-sectional survey.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Mediating pathways between area-level deprivation and hypertension in Nepal: the role of nutritional status, food insecurity, and health behaviors.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Worldwide impact of disease attributable to low physical activity for diabetes and kidney diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Global, regional, and national burden of type 2 diabetes-related diabetic kidney disease attributable to low physical activity from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 with predictions to 2050.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Sestrin2 serves as a scaffold protein to maintain cardiac energy and metabolic homeostasis during pathological stress.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2024Review
- Patterns of change in the association between socioeconomic status and body mass index distribution in India, 1999-2021.Journal of global health · 2024Article
- Global trends in burden of type 2 diabetes attributable to physical inactivity across 204 countries and territories, 1990-2019.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Cardiovascular Diseases Among Indian Older Adults: A Comprehensive Review.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2024Review
- Does the place of residence influence your risk of being hypertensive? A study-based on Nepal Demographic and Health Survey.Hypertension research : official journal of the Japanese Society of Hypertension · 2023Article
- Associations between education level, blood-lipid measurements and statin treatment in a Danish primary health care population from 2000 to 2018.Scandinavian journal of primary health care · 2023Article
- Article
- A Systematic Review of Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Growing Global Health Concern.Cureus · 2022Review
- A Coronary Artery Disease Monitoring Model Built from Clinical Data and Alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTo determine correlation of multiple parameters of socioeconomic status with cardiovascular risk factors in India.
methodsThe study was performed at eleven cities using cluster sampling. Subjects (n = 6198, men 3426, women 2772) were evaluated for socioeconomic, demographic, biophysical and biochemical factors. They were classified into low, medium and high socioeconomic groups based on educational level (<10, 10-15 and >15 yr formal education), occupational class and socioeconomic scale. Risk factor differences were evaluated using multivariate logistic regression.
resultsAge-adjusted prevalence (%) of risk factors in men and women was overweight or obesity in 41.1 and 45.2, obesity 8.3 and 15.8, high waist circumference 35.7 and 57.5, high waist-hip ratio 69.0 and 83.8, hypertension 32.5 and 30.4, hypercholesterolemia 24.8 and 25.3, low HDL cholesterol 34.1 and 35.1, high triglycerides 41.2 and 31.5, diabetes 16.7 and 14.4 and metabolic syndrome in 32.2 and 40.4 percent. Lifestyle factors were smoking 12.0 and 0.5, other tobacco use 12.7 and 6.3, high fat intake 51.2 and 48.2, low fruits/vegetables intake 25.3 and 28.9, and physical inactivity in 38.8 and 46.1%. Prevalence of > = 3 risk factors was significantly greater in low (28.0%) vs. middle (23.9%) or high (22.1%) educational groups (p<0.01). In low vs. high educational groups there was greater prevalence of high waist-hip ratio (odds ratio 2.18, confidence interval 1.65-2.71), low HDL cholesterol (1.51, 1.27-1.80), hypertriglyceridemia (1.16, 0.99-1.37), smoking/tobacco use (3.27, 2.66-4.01), and low physical activity (1.15, 0.97-1.37); and lower prevalence of high fat diet (0.47, 0.38-0.57),overweight/obesity (0.68, 0.58-0.80) and hypercholesterolemia (0.79, 0.66-0.94). Similar associations were observed with occupational and socioeconomic status.
conclusionsLow educational, occupational and socioeconomic status Asian Indians have greater prevalence of truncal obesity, low HDL cholesterol, hypertriglyceridemia, smoking or tobacco use and low physical activity and clustering of > = 3 major cardiovascular risk factors.
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