ArticlePloS one2012
Bronchoalveolar lavage results are independent of season, age, gender and collection site.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
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Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed.
- Suction pressure levels during bronchial obstruction are related to bronchoalveolar lavage recovery failure: A clinical trial.Medicine · 2025Trial
- Changes in lung immune cells related to clinical outcome during treatment with infliximab for sarcoidosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2020Trial
- Single use and conventional bronchoscopes for Broncho alveolar lavage (BAL) in research: a comparative study (NCT 02515591).BMC pulmonary medicine · 2017Trial
- Regional Alveolar Damage Despite Lung Protective Ventilation Settings During Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Surgery.Anesthesia and analgesia · 2026Article
- The Role of Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease: A State-of-the-Art Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Article
- Lymphopenia and high Ki-67 expression in peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells associate with progressive sarcoidosis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Article
- Peripheral blood lymphopenia in sarcoidosis associates with HLA-DRB1 alleles but not with lung immune cells and organ involvement.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Article
- Optimising the yield from bronchoalveolar lavage on human participants in infectious disease immunology research.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Effect of age, season, and gender on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology in camels.Open veterinary journal · 2023Article
- Optimising the yield from bronchoalveolar lavage on human participants in infectious disease immunology research.Research square · 2023Article
- Functional link between sarcoidosis-associated gene variants and quantitative levels of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell types.Frontiers in medicine · 2023Article
- What are the factors affecting the recovery rate of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid?The clinical respiratory journal · 2022Article
- Analysis of predicted factors for bronchoalveolar lavage recovery failure: An observational study.PloS one · 2022Observational
- The composition of the lung microbiome differs between patients with dermatomyositis and rheumatoid arthritis associated with interstitial lung disease.FEBS open bio · 2022Article
- Effects of infliximab on lung and circulating natural killer cells, CD56+ T cells and B cells in sarcoidosis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2021Article
- Methylome and transcriptome signature of bronchoalveolar cells from multiple sclerosis patients in relation to smoking.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2021Article
- Sex Hormones and Lung Inflammation.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2021Article
- High-intensity resistance training in newly diagnosed sarcoidosis- an exploratory study of effects on lung function, muscle strength, fatigue, dyspnea, health-related quality of life and lung immune cells.European clinical respiratory journal · 2020Article
- Subpopulations of cells from bronchoalveolar lavage can predict prognosis in sarcoidosis.The European respiratory journal · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundClinical interpretation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid results is dependent on the availability of reference values for healthy individuals. Only a few studies have published such reference values and the applicability of results is restricted by small sample sizes and the limited representativeness of the study population. We aim to investigate the influence of age, gender, collection site and season on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid results and to establish reference values for use in clinical practice. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsBronchoalveolar lavage fluid data from 295 healthy never-smoking volunteers, investigated during 1990-2009, were analyzed retrospectively. 47 volunteers had 2-5 repeat lavages during the course of several years. Fluid recovery, total number of cells, cell concentration, and differential cell counts on cytospin prepared slides were recorded. Reference values, as represented by the 5(th) to the 95(th) percentile, were 72-96% for macrophages, 2-26% for lymphocytes, 0-4% for neutrophils and 0-1% for eosinophils. Basophils and mast cells were rare. When repeat lavages were performed, there was a relatively large intra-individual variability, mainly for macrophages and lymphocytes. An age dependent decrease of lavage fluid return was present, but there was no age dependent correlation with any of the other BALF parameters. The BALF cell parameters were independent of gender, season and site (lingula vs. middle lobe). CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data show that bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell differential count is independent of age, gender, season and collection site (RML or lingua). It therefore seems acceptable to use the same reference values for all never-smoking individuals.
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