SynthesisAmerican journal of epidemiology2012
Long working hours and coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in American journal of epidemiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 104 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
104 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 288 citations in OpenAlex.
- Shift Work and Early Arterial Stiffness: A Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Associations of working conditions and chronic low-grade inflammation among employees: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2021Pooled it
- Psychosocial work exposures and health outcomes: a meta-review of 72 literature reviews with meta-analysis.Scandinavian journal of work, environment & health · 2021Pooled it
- The effect of exposure to long working hours on alcohol consumption, risky drinking and alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury.Environment international · 2021Pooled it
- The effect of exposure to long working hours on ischaemic heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the WHO/ILO Joint Estimates of the Work-related Burden of Disease and Injury.Environment international · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effect of Long Working Hours and Overtime on Occupational Health: A Meta-Analysis of Evidence from 1998 to 2018.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2019Pooled it
- Long Working Hours and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease.Current cardiology reports · 2018Pooled it
- Long working hours and alcohol use: systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies and unpublished individual participant data.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2015Pooled it
- Long working hours, socioeconomic status, and the risk of incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of published and unpublished data from 222 120 individuals.The lancet. Diabetes & endocrinology · 2015Pooled it
- Risk of Cardiovascular Disease According to Standard Industrial Sectors: A Nationwide Longitudinal Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2026Article
- Association between working ≥10 hours per day and satisfaction with work environment among wage workers in Korea: a cross-sectional study using data from the 7th Korean Working Conditions Survey.Annals of occupational and environmental medicine · 2026Article
- The effect of perceived busyness on nostalgic consumption intention: based on compensatory control theory.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Assessing health, wellbeing, and working life impacts of a 4-day week: a multimodal protocol.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Article
- Occupational Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease: A Comprehensive Review.Current cardiology reports · 2025Review
- Long working hours at midlife and arterial stiffness at older age in a 24-year prospective cohort.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Unraveling the after-hours dilemma: Consequences of overworking among teleworkers-A scoping review protocol.PloS one · 2025Article
- Precarious work and chronic disease: lessons learned from the US national agricultural worker survey (1999-2020).Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Night shift-induced circadian disruption: links to initiation of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease/non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and risk of hepatic cancer.Hepatoma research · 2024Article
- Article
44 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The authors aggregated the results of observational studies examining the association between long working hours and coronary heart disease (CHD). Data sources used were MEDLINE (through January 19, 2011) and Web of Science (through March 14, 2011). Two investigators independently extracted results from eligible studies. Heterogeneity between the studies was assessed using the I(2) statistic, and the possibility of publication bias was assessed using the funnel plot and Egger's test for small-study effects. Twelve studies were identified (7 case-control, 4 prospective, and 1 cross-sectional). For a total of 22,518 participants (2,313 CHD cases), the minimally adjusted relative risk of CHD for long working hours was 1.80 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.42, 2.29), and in the maximally (multivariate-) adjusted analysis the relative risk was 1.59 (95% CI: 1.23, 2.07). The 4 prospective studies produced a relative risk of 1.39 (95% CI: 1.12, 1.72), while the corresponding relative risk in the 7 case-control studies was 2.43 (95% CI: 1.81, 3.26). Little evidence of publication bias but relatively large heterogeneity was observed. Studies varied in size, design, measurement of exposure and outcome, and adjustments. In conclusion, results from prospective observational studies suggest an approximately 40% excess risk of CHD in employees working long hours.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.