ArticleAIDS (London, England)2012
Fractures after antiretroviral initiation.
Article in AIDS (London, England), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 75 citations in OpenAlex.
- Bone fracture among people living with HIV: A systematic review and meta-regression of prevalence, incidence, and risk factors.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- HIV and Vertebral Fractures: a Systematic Review and Metanalysis.Scientific reports · 2018Pooled it
- Prevalence of non-HIV cancer risk factors in persons living with HIV/AIDS: a meta-analysis.AIDS (London, England) · 2016Pooled it
- Incident fractures in HIV-infected individuals: a systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS (London, England) · 2013Pooled it
- Bone Density and Fractures in HIV-infected Postmenopausal Women: A Systematic Review.The Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care : JANACPooled it
- Vitamin D and Calcium Attenuate Bone Loss With Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation: A Randomized Trial.Annals of internal medicine · 2015Trial
- Low baseline CD4+ count is associated with greater bone mineral density loss after antiretroviral therapy initiation.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2013Trial
- Differential skeletal impact of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in young versus old HIV-infected adults.HIV clinical trialsTrial
- Low Trauma Fractures in People With HIV: Longitudinal Time Trends in the Swiss HIV Cohort Study, 2009-2022.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Association of a polygenic risk score with low trauma fractures in people with HIV - The swiss HIV cohort study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Integrated telehealth intervention to reduce chronic pain and unhealthy drinking among people living with HIV: protocol for a randomized controlled trial.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- Bone Disease in HIV: Need for Early Diagnosis and Prevention.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Antiretroviral drug use and the risk of falls in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2023Review
- Article
- Burden of Chronic Conditions Among Persons with HIV/AIDS and Psychiatric Comorbidity.Current HIV research · 2021Article
- People living with HIV and fracture risk.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2020Review
- Serum extracellular vesicles expressing bone activity markers associate with bone loss after HIV antiretroviral therapy.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- The Hidden Burden of Fractures in People Living With HIV.JBMR plus · 2018Review
- Tenofovir-Associated Bone Adverse Outcomes among a US National Historical Cohort of HIV-Infected Veterans: Risk Modification by Concomitant Antiretrovirals.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2018Article
- Continued Interest and Controversy: Vitamin D in HIV.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBone mineral density declines by 2-6% within 1-2 years after initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART); however, it is uncertain whether this results in an immediate or cumulative increase in fracture rates.
methodsWe evaluated the incidence and predictors of fracture in 4640 HIV-positive participants from 26 randomized ART studies followed in the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Longitudinal-Linked Randomized Trial study for a median of 5 years. Fragility and nonfragility fractures were recorded prospectively at semiannual visits. Incidence was calculated as fractures/total person-years. Cox proportional hazards models evaluated effects of traditional fracture risks, HIV disease characteristics, and ART exposure on fracture incidence.
resultsMedian (interquartile range) age was 39 (33, 45) years; 83% were men, 48% white, and median nadir CD4 cell count was 187 (65, 308) cells/μl. Overall, 116 fractures were reported in 106 participants with median time-to-first fracture of 2.3 years. Fracture incidence was 0.40 of 100 person-years among all participants and 0.38 of 100 person-years among 3398 participants who were ART naive at enrollment into ACTG parent studies. Among ART-naive participants, fracture rates were higher within the first 2 years after ART initiation (0.53/100 person-years) than subsequent years (0.30/100 person-years). In a multivariate analysis of ART-naive participants, increased hazard of fracture was associated with current smoking and glucocorticoid use but not with exposure to specific antiretrovirals.
conclusionFracture rates were higher within the first 2 years after ART initiation, relative to subsequent years. However, continuation of ART was not associated with increasing fracture rates in these relatively young HIV-positive individuals.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.