ArticleBMC health services research2012
Pre-test of questions on health-related resource use and expenditure, using behaviour coding and cognitive interviewing techniques.
Article in BMC health services research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Validated Tools to Measure Costs for Patients: A Systematic Review.The patient · 2022Pooled it
- Cost-Effectiveness of Family Conferences to Reduce Polypharmacy in Frail Older Adults.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Article
- Effects of the '10,000 Steps Duesseldorf' intervention promoting physical activity in community-dwelling adults: results of a nonrandomized controlled trial.The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity · 2025Article
- Article
- Identifying measures for coverage of nutrition-sensitive social protection programs: Learnings from India.Maternal & child nutrition · 2024Article
- Effects of the Population-Based "10,000 Steps Duesseldorf" Intervention for Promoting Physical Activity in Community-Dwelling Adults: Protocol for a Nonrandomized Controlled Trial.JMIR research protocols · 2022Article
- Article
- Using cognitive interviewing to bridge the intent-interpretation gap for nutrition coverage survey questions in India.Maternal & child nutrition · 2022Article
- An interactive web-based programme on relapse management for people with multiple sclerosis (POWER@MS2) - development, feasibility, and pilot testing of a complex intervention.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Article
- Development of a brief, generic, modular resource-use measure (ModRUM): cognitive interviews with patients.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Cross-cultural adaptation and exploratory factor analysis of the Person-centred Practice Inventory - Staff (PCPI-S) questionnaire among Malaysian primary healthcare providers.BMC health services research · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- How do patients with diabetes report their comorbidities? Comparison with administrative data.Clinical epidemiology · 2018Article
- A questionnaire measuring staff perceptions of Lean adoption in healthcare: development and psychometric testing.BMC health services research · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundValidated instruments collecting data on health-related resource use are lacking, but required, for example, to investigate predictors of healthcare use or for health economic evaluation.The objective of the study was to develop, test and refine a questionnaire collecting data on health-related resource use and expenditure in patients with diabetes.
methodsThe questionnaire was tested in 43 patients with diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2 in Germany. Response behaviour suggestive of problems with questions (item non-response, request for clarification, comments, inadequate answer, "don't know") was systematically registered. Cognitive interviews focusing on information retrieval and comprehension problems were carried out.
resultsMany participants had difficulties answering questions pertaining to frequency of visits to the general practitioner (26%), time spent receiving healthcare services (39%), regular medication currently taken (35%) and out of pocket expenditure on medication (42%). These difficulties seem to result mainly from poor memory. A number of comprehension problems were established and relevant questions were revised accordingly.
conclusionThe questionnaire on health-related resource use and expenditure for use in diabetes research in Germany was developed and refined after careful testing. Ideally, the questionnaire should be externally validated for different modes of administration and recall periods within a variety of populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.