ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Cas9-crRNA ribonucleoprotein complex mediates specific DNA cleavage for adaptive immunity in bacteria.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1,361 papers.
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Who cites it
1,361 citing papers in PubMed, 2,789 citations in OpenAlex.
- Chromatin Modifications Orchestrate DNA Repair Pathway Choice: Epigenetics Strategies for Enhancing CRISPR-Cas9-Mediated Knock-In Efficiency.Cell proliferation · 2026Review
- Genome Evolution in Social Insects.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Review
- Size and sequence variation of the Lid of the Cas12a nuclease domain results in a nickase phenotype.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- HIV cure: from early therapies to cutting-edge strategies.Journal of neurovirology · 2026Review
- Visualizing structural dynamics during nuclease activation across evolutionarily diverse IscB and CRISPR-Cas9 enzymes.Research square · 2026Article
- CRISPRing through time: How cutting-edge technology is revolutionizing life sciences and medicine.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Review
- Review
- MtvS1 and MtvS2 Interact with RNA polymerase to regulate the Francisella type V-A CRISPR-Cas system.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Miniaturized CRISPR: Ultra Compact Systems for In Vivo Delivery and Portable Diagnostics.Annals of biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Turnip Mosaic Virus-Based gRNA Delivery System for Plant Genome Editing.Plant direct · 2026Article
- Advancements in CRISPR/Cas Technologies for Sensitive Cancer Detection: Mechanisms, Platforms, and Clinical Translation Roadmap.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Specific cleavage of 5' overhangs of non-target strand by Cas9 activated by target DNA binding.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms and biotechnology applications of CRISPR-Cas12a.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles-mediated delivery of SpCas9 RNPs for therapeutic gene editing in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3.Biomaterials · 2026Article
- Gene Editing-Driven Engineering of Microbial Systems and Metabolites for Precision Medicine and Sustainable Environmental Remediation.Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany) · 2026Review
- Azide-functionalized SpCas9 enables generation of site-selective and bioactive Cas9-siRNA conjugates.Chemical communications (Cambridge, England) · 2026Article
- Structure basis for single-strand nucleic acid targeting by IscB and variants.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- CRISPRi and beyond: studying essential gene function in the obligate intracellular bacteriumJournal of bacteriology · 2026Review
- DNA-guided CRISPR-Cas12 for cellular RNA targeting.Nature biotechnology · 2026Article
- CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Engineering in Non-Conventional Oleaginous Yeasts: Applications, Challenges, and Prospects.Yeast (Chichester, England) · 2026Review
1,301 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated (Cas) systems provide adaptive immunity against viruses and plasmids in bacteria and archaea. The silencing of invading nucleic acids is executed by ribonucleoprotein complexes preloaded with small, interfering CRISPR RNAs (crRNAs) that act as guides for targeting and degradation of foreign nucleic acid. Here, we demonstrate that the Cas9-crRNA complex of the Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR3/Cas system introduces in vitro a double-strand break at a specific site in DNA containing a sequence complementary to crRNA. DNA cleavage is executed by Cas9, which uses two distinct active sites, RuvC and HNH, to generate site-specific nicks on opposite DNA strands. Results demonstrate that the Cas9-crRNA complex functions as an RNA-guided endonuclease with RNA-directed target sequence recognition and protein-mediated DNA cleavage. These findings pave the way for engineering of universal programmable RNA-guided DNA endonucleases.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.