ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2013
Protein energy malnutrition decreases immunity and increases susceptibility to influenza infection in mice.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 77 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
77 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 149 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk of Malnutrition in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Stunting Increases Influenza Virus Shedding Duration in Preschool/School-Aged Children.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- The endemic dilemma: why whole sporozoite malaria vaccine efficacy falls in the field.Trends in parasitology · 2026Review
- Impact of PG-SGA-assessed malnutrition stratification on clinical outcomes in advanced gastrointestinal malignancies: a retrospective cohort study.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Long-Term Intestinal Epithelial Remodeling Induced by Acute Protein-Energy Malnutrition.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Body Size and Risk of Death During the 1918 Influenza Pandemic in Alaska.American journal of human biology : the official journal of the Human Biology Council · 2025Article
- Article
- Malnutrition drives infection susceptibility and dysregulated myelopoiesis that persists after refeeding intervention.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Evolutionary History With Chronic Malnutrition Enhances Pathogen Susceptibility at Older Ages.Ecology and evolution · 2025Article
- Diet-induced changes in metabolism influence immune response and viral shedding in Jamaican fruit bats.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- MILLET BASED NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENT FOR DIARRHEAL EPISODE IN PROTEIN ENERGY MALNOURISHED CONDITION: AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH IN CASTOR OIL MODEL.Arquivos de gastroenterologia · 2025Article
- Does Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) Syndrome Exist?Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2024Review
- Microbial Interventions to Improve Neonatal Gut Health.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- The Role of the Prognostic Inflammatory and Nutritional Index (PINI) in the Evolution of Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Other Pathologies.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Gut microbiota and synbiotic foods: Unveiling the relationship in COVID-19 perspective.Food science & nutrition · 2023Review
- Using inflammatory indices for assessing malnutrition among COVID-19 patients: A single-center retrospective study.Journal of infection and public health · 2022Article
- Protein undernutrition reduces the efficacy of praziquantel in a murine model of Schistosoma mansoni infection.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2022Article
- Malnutrition and Dietary Habits Alter the Immune System Which May Consequently Influence SARS-CoV-2 Virulence: A Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Changes in Systemic Regulatory T Cells, Effector T Cells, and Monocyte Populations Associated With Early-Life Stunting.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Thymus, undernutrition, and infection: Approaching cellular and molecular interactions.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
17 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundProtein energy malnutrition (PEM), a common cause of secondary immune deficiency in children, is associated with an increased risk of infections. Very few studies have addressed the relevance of PEM as a risk factor for influenza.
methodsWe investigated the influence of PEM on susceptibility to, and immune responses following, influenza virus infection using isocaloric diets providing either adequate protein (AP; 18%) or very low protein (VLP; 2%) in a mouse model.
resultsWe found that mice maintained on the VLP diet, when compared to mice fed with the AP diet, exhibited more severe disease following influenza infection based on virus persistence, trafficking of inflammatory cell types to the lung tissue, and virus-induced mortality. Furthermore, groups of mice maintained on the VLP diet showed significantly lower virus-specific antibody response and a reduction in influenza nuclear protein-specific CD8(+) T cells compared with mice fed on the AP diet. Importantly, switching diets for the group maintained on the VLP diet to the AP diet improved virus clearance, as well as protective immunity to viral challenge.
conclusionsOur results highlight the impact of protein energy on immunity to influenza infection and suggest that balanced protein energy replenishment may be one strategy to boost immunity against influenza viral infections.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.