ArticlePharmacoepidemiology and drug safety2012
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor use and pneumonia risk in community-dwelling older adults: results from a population-based case-control study.
Article in Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 15 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of infection risks and clinical outcomes in patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 lung infection under renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade: Systematic review and meta-analysis.British journal of clinical pharmacology · 2021Pooled it
- Association between Antihypertensive Therapy and Risk of Acute Lower Respiratory Infections (ALRI): A Retrospective Cohort Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The Association Between Antihypertensive Drug Use and Hospitalization for Pneumonia in the General Population: A Case-Crossover Study Using the National Health Insurance Database of Korea.Journal of Korean medical science · 2022Article
- Renin-angiotensin system antagonists and mortality due to pneumonia, influenza, and chronic lower respiratory disease in patients with hypertension.Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC · 2022Article
- Association Between Antihypertensive Use and Hospitalized Pneumonia in Patients With Stroke: A Korean Nationwide Population-Based Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2022Article
- Alternative antibiotic feed additives alleviate pneumonia with inhibiting ACE-2 expression in the respiratory system of piglets.Food science & nutrition · 2021Article
- Impact of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and statins on viral pneumonia.Proceedings (Baylor University. Medical Center) · 2018Article
- Sources of heterogeneity in case-control studies on associations between statins, ACE-inhibitors, and proton pump inhibitors and risk of pneumonia.European journal of epidemiology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo test whether angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor use is associated with decreased risk of community-acquired pneumonia in older adults.
methodsWe analyzed data from a nested case-control study of community-dwelling, immunocompetent adults aged 65-94 within an integrated healthcare delivery system. Cases of ambulatory and hospitalized pneumonia from 2000 to 2003 were identified from International Classification of Disease, version 9, codes and validated using medical record review. Controls were matched to cases by age, sex, and calendar year. Using health plan pharmacy data, we defined current use as filling ≥2 prescriptions during the 180 days prior to the case's diagnosis date. We calculated standardized doses per day using World Health Organization defined daily doses. Multivariable conditional logistic regression estimated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for pneumonia in relation to ACE inhibitor use, adjusting for comorbidity, functional and cognitive status, and other covariates from medical record review and pharmacy data.
resultsCurrent use of ACE inhibitors was seen in 23% (242/1039) of cases and 21% (433/2022) of controls. Lisinopril accounted for 95% of prescriptions. The OR for pneumonia comparing current use to no current use was 0.99 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.83-1.19). The OR for use of more than two standardized daily doses per day was 1.39 (95% CI 0.93-2.06) compared to no current use.
conclusionsACE inhibitor use is not associated with reduced pneumonia risk in community-dwelling older adults.
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