Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22948870›Full record

ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2012

Optimizing Echinocandin dosing and susceptibility breakpoint determination via in vivo pharmacodynamic evaluation against Candida glabrata with and without fks mutations.

Alexander Lepak, Mariana Castanheira, Daniel Diekema, Michael Pfaller, David Andes

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed
2.6field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 42 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
  2. Evaluation of anAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Analysis of Candida Antifungal Resistance Using Animal Infection Models.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023
    Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Fungal Resistance to Echinocandins and the MDR Phenomenon inJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018
    Review
  10. Review
  11. Review
  12. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Antifungal pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2014
    Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.

Alexander LepakUniversity of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Mariana Castanheira
Daniel Diekema
Michael Pfaller
David Andes
JMI Laboratories · USUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison · USUniversity of Iowa · US

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Echinocandins are a preferred therapy for invasive candidiasis due to their potency and broad spectrum. Resistance, especially in Candida glabrata, is an emerging threat to their use. Pharmacodynamic (PD) studies examining reduced susceptibility secondary to fks mutations in C. glabrata are lacking. The current study explored PD targets for anidulafungin, caspofungin, and micafungin in an in vivo invasive candidiasis model against 11 C. glabrata isolates with known or putative fks mutations. The PD targets were compared to those of 8 wild-type (WT) isolates. The MIC ranges in the WT group were 0.03 to 0.25 mg/liter for anidulafungin, 0.03 to 0.25 mg/liter for caspofungin, and 0.01 to 0.06 mg/liter for micafungin. The MIC ranges for mutants were 0.06 to 4, 0.25 to 16, and 0.13 to 8 mg/liter for the same compounds, respectively. The mean free drug 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (AUCf)/MIC ratio associated with a stasis endpoint for the WT group was 13.2 for anidulafungin, 2.04 for caspofungin, and 6.78 for micafungin. Comparative values for mutants were 3.43, 2.67, and 0.90, respectively. Pharmacokinetic data from patients suggest that the C. glabrata PD targets needed for success in this model could be achieved based on MIC values of 0.25 mg/liter for anidulafungin, 2 mg/liter for caspofungin, and 0.5 mg/liter for micafungin. These values are higher than recently identified epidemiology cutoff values (ECVs). The results suggest that drug-specific MIC breakpoints could be increased for caspofungin and micafungin against C. glabrata and could include organisms with mutations in fks-1 and fks-2. While identification of genetic mutants is epidemiologically important, the phenotype (MIC) provides a better predictor of therapeutic efficacy.

Indexed as

AnidulafunginAnimalsAntifungal AgentsArea Under CurveCandida glabrataCandidiasis, InvasiveCaspofunginEchinocandinsFemaleFungal ProteinsGlucosyltransferasesHumansKidneyLipopeptidesMaleMicafunginAnidulafunginAntifungal AgentsCaspofunginEchinocandinsFungal ProteinsGlucosyltransferasesLipopeptidesMicafungin

Identifiers

PMID22948870
PMCPMC3486567
OpenAlexW2158552417

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.