ArticleGenome research2012
Copy number variation leads to considerable diversity for B but not A haplotypes of the human KIR genes encoding NK cell receptors.
Article in Genome research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 114 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
114 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Graph-KIR: graph-based KIR copy number estimation and allele calling using short-read sequencing data.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Examining the association between fetal HLA-C, maternal KIR haplotypes and birth weight.PLoS genetics · 2026Article
- Effective allogeneic natural killer cell therapy for pancreatic adenocarcinoma avails conserved activating receptors and evades HLA I-driven inhibition.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Article
- Genetic complexity of killer-cell immunoglobulin-like receptor genes in human pangenome assemblies.Genome research · 2024Article
- Immunomodulatory Treatment Impact on IVF Outcomes in KIR AA Genotype: Personalized Fertility Insights.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2024Article
- High-resolution KIR and HLA genotyping in three Chinese ethnic minorities reveals distinct origins.HLA · 2024Article
- Article
- DonorFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- OMIP-098: A 26 parameter, 24 color flow cytometry panel for human memory NK cell phenotyping.Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology · 2023Article
- Article
- Recurrent Abortion and the Involvement of Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor (KIR) Genes, Activated T Cells, NK Abnormalities, and Cytokine Profiles.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Donor selection for adoptive immunotherapy with NK cells in AML patients: Comparison between analysis of lytic NK cell clones and phenotypical identification of alloreactive NK cell repertoire.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- High population frequencies ofFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- A review of the main genetic factors influencing the course of COVID-19 in Sardinia: the role of human leukocyte antigen-G.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Killer-Cell Immunoglobulin-like Receptor Diversity in an Admixed South American Population.Cells · 2022Article
- Epitope characterization of a monoclonal antibody that selectively recognizes KIR2DL1 allotypes.HLA · 2022Article
- Characterization of KIRHLA · 2022Article
54 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The KIR complex appears to be evolving rapidly in humans, and more than 50 different haplotypes have been described, ranging from four to 14 KIR loci. Previously it has been suggested that most KIR haplotypes consist of framework genes, present in all individuals, which bracket a variable number of other genes. We used a new technique to type 793 families from the United Kingdom and United States for both the presence/absence of all individual KIR genes as well as copy number and found that KIR haplotypes are even more complex. It is striking that all KIR loci are subject to copy number variation (CNV), including the so-called framework genes, but CNV is much more frequent in KIR B haplotypes than KIR A haplotypes. These two basic KIR haplotype groups, A and B, appear to be following different evolutionary trajectories. Despite the great diversity, there are 11 common haplotypes, derived by reciprocal recombination near KIR2DL4, which collectively account for 94% of KIR haplotypes determined in Caucasian samples. These haplotypes could be derived from combinations of just three centromeic and two telomeric motifs, simplifying disease analysis for these haplotypes. The remaining 6% of haplotypes displayed novel examples of expansion and contraction of numbers of loci. Conventional KIR typing misses much of this additional complexity, with important implications for studying the genetics of disease association with KIR that can now be explored by CNV analysis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.