ArticleEvolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior2011
More men run relatively fast in U.S. road races, 1981-2006: a stable sex difference in non-elite runners.
Article in Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed.
- Sex-differences in Mountain Ultra-trail Performance: Look at the Scenery.Sports medicine - open · 2025Article
- Gender differences in skilled performance under failure competitive environments: evidence from elite archers.Frontiers in psychology · 2024Article
- An analysis of the São Silvestre race between 2007-2021: An increase in participation but a decrease in performance.Sports medicine and health science · 2023Article
- Elderly female ultra-marathoners reduced the gap to male ultra-marathoners in Swiss running races.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Running Endurance in Women Compared to Men: Retrospective Analysis of Matched Real-World Big Data.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Article
- Changes in Sex Difference in Time-Limited Ultra-Cycling Races from 6 Hours to 24 Hours.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Article
- Training and Racing Behavior of Recreational Runners by Race Distance-Results From the NURMI Study (Step 1).Frontiers in physiology · 2021Article
- The Relationship Between Anthropometric Variables and Race Performance.Open access journal of sports medicine · 2019Article
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- Performance differences between sexes in 50-mile to 3,100-mile ultramarathons.Open access journal of sports medicine · 2015Article
- U.S. masters track participation reveals a stable sex difference in competitiveness.Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior · 2014Article
- Performance trends in large 10-km road running races in the United States.Journal of strength and conditioning research · 2014Article
- Participation and performance trends in 'Ultraman Hawaii' from 1983 to 2012.Extreme physiology & medicine · 2013Article
- Master runners dominate 24-h ultramarathons worldwide-a retrospective data analysis from 1998 to 2011.Extreme physiology & medicine · 2013Article
- Participation and performance trends in ultra-endurance running races under extreme conditions - 'Spartathlon' versus 'Badwater'.Extreme physiology & medicine · 2013Article
- Sex difference in Double Iron ultra-triathlon performance.Extreme physiology & medicine · 2013Article
- Participation and performance trends in ultracycling.Open access journal of sports medicine · 2013Article
- A sex difference in the predisposition for physical competition: males play sports much more than females even in the contemporary U.S.PloS one · 2012Article
- More men run relatively fast in U.S. road races, 1981-2006: a stable sex difference in non-elite runners.Evolutionary psychology : an international journal of evolutionary approaches to psychology and behavior · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recent studies indicate that more men than women run fast relative to sex- specific world records and that this sex difference has been historically stable in elite U.S. runners. These findings have been hypothesized to reflect an evolved male predisposition for enduring competitiveness in "show-off" domains. The current study tests this hypothesis in non-elite runners by analyzing 342 road races that occurred from 1981-2006, most in or near Buffalo, NY. Both absolutely and as a percentage of same-sex finishers, more men ran relatively fast in most races. During the 1980s, as female participation surged, the difference in the absolute number of relatively fast men and women decreased. However, this difference was stable for races that occurred after 1993. Since then, in any given race, about three to four times as many men as women ran relatively fast. The stable sex difference in relative performance shown here for non-elites constitutes new support for the hypothesis of an evolved male predisposition for enduring competitiveness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
22947997PMC10480934What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.