Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22947230›Full record

SynthesisBMC medicine2012

A systematic review and analysis of long-term outcomes in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of treatment and non-treatment.

Monica Shaw, Paul Hodgkins, Hervé Caci, Susan Young, Jennifer Kahle, Alisa G Woods, L Eugene Arnold

4 registry-linked trialsAbstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 321 papers, 22 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
321citing papers in PubMed, 22 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT00000388 phase4completednot on this map

Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD

TypeinterventionalSponsorNYU Langone HealthRan1998 to 1999ConditionsAttention Deficit Disorder With Hyperactivity, Substance-related Disorders, Dyssocial BehaviorArmsPsychosocial treatment, Anti-ADHD medication, Assessment-and-Referral
NCT02094612 naterminatednot on this mapstarted 2014, after this paper: background citation

Effectiveness of the Quotient® ADHD Assessment in a System of Care

TypeinterventionalSponsorKaiser PermanenteRan2014 to 2015Enrolled207ConditionsAttention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorders, Attention Deficit Disorder With HyperactivityArmsQuotient®, Usual Clinic ADHD Care
NCT04832737 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2021, after this paper: background citation

Could a Strength- Based Treatment Improve Self-management in Adults With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of HuddersfieldRan2021 to 2023Enrolled23ConditionsAttention Deficit Hyperactivity DisorderArmsADDapt Ability Framework
NCT05796427 nacompletednot on this mapstarted 2023, after this paper: background citation

Testing a Novel ADHD Engagement Intervention "START" to Improve Access to Treatment

TypeinterventionalSponsorAnn & Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of ChicagoRan2023 to 2025Enrolled100ConditionsADHDArmsSupporT for ADHD and Related Treatment
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

321 citing papers in PubMed, 22 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  19. Adult-Onset ADHD: A Critical Analysis and Alternative Explanations.Child psychiatry and human development · 2022
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261 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Monica ShawClinical Development & Medical Affairs, Shire Pharmaceuticals, Ltd, Basingstoke, UK.
Paul Hodgkins
Hervé Caci
Susan Young
Jennifer Kahle
Alisa G Woods
L Eugene Arnold

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIn childhood, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized by age-inappropriate levels of inattentiveness/disorganization, hyperactivity/impulsiveness, or a combination thereof. Although the criteria for ADHD are well defined, the long-term consequences in adults and children need to be more comprehensively understood and quantified. We conducted a systematic review evaluating the long-term outcomes (defined as 2 years or more) of ADHD with the goal of identifying long-term outcomes and the impact that any treatment (pharmacological, non-pharmacological, or multimodal) has on ADHD long-term outcomes.

methodsStudies were identified using predefined search criteria and 12 databases. Studies included were peer-reviewed, primary studies of ADHD long-term outcomes published between January 1980 to December 2010. Inclusion was agreed on by two independent researchers on review of abstracts or full text. Published statistical comparison of outcome results were summarized as poorer than, similar to, or improved versus comparators, and quantified as percentage comparisons of these categories.

resultsOutcomes from 351 studies were grouped into 9 major categories: academic, antisocial behavior, driving, non-medicinal drug use/addictive behavior, obesity, occupation, services use, self-esteem, and social function outcomes. The following broad trends emerged: (1) without treatment, people with ADHD had poorer long-term outcomes in all categories compared with people without ADHD, and (2) treatment for ADHD improved long-term outcomes compared with untreated ADHD, although not usually to normal levels. Only English-language papers were searched and databases may have omitted relevant studies.

conclusionsThis systematic review provides a synthesis of studies of ADHD long-term outcomes. Current treatments may reduce the negative impact that untreated ADHD has on life functioning, but does not usually 'normalize' the recipients.

Indexed as

Social BehaviorAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overAttention Deficit Disorder with HyperactivityChildHumansMiddle AgedTreatment OutcomeYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID22947230
PMCPMC3520745

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.