ReviewInternational journal of cancer2012
Lung carcinogenesis by tobacco smoke.
Review in International journal of cancer, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 226 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
226 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 480 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent Advancements in Known and Emerging Risk Factors of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Comprehensive functional annotation of susceptibility variants identifies genetic heterogeneity between lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.Frontiers of medicine · 2021Pooled it
- The Impact of Reducing Nicotine Content on Adolescent Cigarette Smoking and Nicotine Exposure: Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2023Trial
- Trial
- A Randomized Controlled Trial of Progressively Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes on Smoking Behaviors, Biomarkers of Exposure, and Subjective Ratings.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2016Trial
- Different profiles of carcinogen exposure in Chinese compared with US cigarette smokers.Tobacco control · 2015Trial
- Prevalence and Genotype Distribution of Human Papillomavirus in Primary Lung Cancer in Eastern India.Cureus · 2026Article
- Global diversities of disability caused by breast cancer in 204 countries and territories: a secondary analysis from global burden of disease study 2021.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Long noncoding RNAs at the crossroads of smoking, oxidative stress, inflammation, and lung disease.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- The association of epigenetic age acceleration with internal smoking dose, risk of lung cancer, and all-cause mortality in cigarette smokers: the Multiethnic Cohort study.Clinical epigenetics · 2026Article
- Article
- Unraveling COPD pathogenesis: a multi-omics approach to identify metabolites and genetic links.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Article
- Comparative effects of alternate tobacco products and traditional tobacco smoking on various organ/systems: A guide to regulators and health policy makers.Toxicology reports · 2025Review
- Bio-Functional Nanomaterials for Enhanced Lung Cancer Therapy: The Synergistic Roles of Vitamins D and K.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Smoking and alcohol specific alterations in miRNA expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Antitumor Activity of Isalpinin fromMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Smoking induces different expression of miR-320b and miR-10b-5p in plasma extracellular vesicles of non-small cell lung cancer patients.The journal of liquid biopsy · 2025Article
- Molecular Subtypes and Targeted Therapeutic Strategies in Small Cell Lung Cancer: Advances, Challenges, and Future Perspectives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The interactions among factors associated with the risk of lung cancer among diabetes patients: a survival tree analysis.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2025Article
166 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of chemicals including multiple genotoxic lung carcinogens. The classic mechanisms of carcinogen metabolic activation to DNA adducts, leading to miscoding and mutations in critical growth control genes, applies to this mixture but some aspects are difficult to establish because of the complexity of the exposure. This article discusses certain features of this mechanism including the role of nicotine and its receptors; lung carcinogens, co-carcinogens and related substances in cigarette smoke; structurally characterized DNA adducts in the lungs of smokers; the mutational consequences of DNA adduct formation in smokers' lungs; and biomarkers of nicotine and carcinogen uptake as related to lung cancer. While there are still uncertainties which may never be fully resolved, the general mechanisms by which cigarette smoking causes lung cancer are well understood and provide insights relevant to prevention of lung cancer, the number one cancer killer in the world, causing 1.37 million deaths per year.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.