ReviewIndian journal of ophthalmology
Social inequalities in blindness and visual impairment: a review of social determinants.
Review in Indian journal of ophthalmology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The disease burden of ILD at the global, regional, and national levels from 1990 to 2021, and projections until 2035: the 2021 Global Burden of Disease study.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions to improve access to cataract surgical services and their impact on equity in low- and middle-income countries.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Exploring variations in Certificate of Vision Impairment (CVI) with geographical locations, deprivation indices, density of optometry practices and number of older people living in Mid and South Essex: an analysis of publicly available data.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Improving outdoor navigation for people with blindness using an AI-driven smartphone application and personalized audio guidance.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Seeing Inequalities: Self-Reported Visual Difficulty and Eye Care Utilization Among Women in Malawi, a Secondary Analysis of the 2024 Demographic and Health Survey Data.Vision (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Trends of Eye and Adnexa-Related Hospital Admissions in Lebanon: An Epidemiological Retrospective Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- How have outreach eye health services been delivered globally? Protocol for a scoping review.BMJ open · 2026Article
- The population characteristics and prevalence of visual impairment in a Southern European population.European journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Enhancing medical care for aniridia through a public health lens: a scoping review of organizational models, patient management, and quality of life assessment.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Growth, development, and health status of primary school students in Binzhou city: an analysis based on health examination data for 6-12-Year-olds.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- "I want to see everything": A community-based participatory research framework to identify eye health and vision care knowledge, perceptions, values, and barriers.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Severe vision impairment is associated with cumulative social risk among adults in Puerto Rico: a population-based study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Assessing eye care behavior in rural India's traumatic cataract cases.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Assessment of the consistency between YouTube videos and scientific evidence on paediatric myopia control.PloS one · 2026Article
- [Association between socioeconomic status and vision impairment among Chinese elderly].Beijing da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Peking University. Health sciences · 2025Article
- Social Determinants Associated with Diabetic Retinopathy Awareness: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005-2008).American journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- [Multimodal ophthalmological rehabilitation : Conception, methods and access routes to the only inpatient medical rehabilitation in ophthalmology].Die Ophthalmologie · 2025Review
- Human Guide Training to Improve Hospital Accessibility for Patients Who Are Blind: Needs Assessment and Pilot Process Evaluation.JMIR rehabilitation and assistive technologies · 2025Article
- Assistive technology use in domestic activities by people who are blind.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Examining China's public health discourse on juvenile myopia issues: a multimodal critical discourse analysis on a public health promotion advertisement.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Health inequities are related to social determinants based on gender, socioeconomic status, ethnicity, race, living in a specific geographic region, or having a specific health condition. Such inequities were reviewed for blindness and visual impairment by searching for studies on the subject in PubMed from 2000 to 2011 in the English and Spanish languages. The goal of this article is to provide a current review in understanding how inequities based specifically on the aforementioned social determinants on health influence the prevalence of visual impairment and blindness. With regards to gender inequality, women have a higher prevalence of visual impairment and blindness, which cannot be only reasoned based on age or access to service. Socioeconomic status measured as higher income, higher educational status, or non-manual occupational social class was inversely associated with prevalence of blindness or visual impairment. Ethnicity and race were associated with visual impairment and blindness, although there is general confusion over this socioeconomic position determinant. Geographic inequalities and visual impairment were related to income (of the region, nation or continent), living in a rural area, and an association with socioeconomic and political context was suggested. While inequalities related to blindness and visual impairment have rarely been specifically addressed in research, there is still evidence of the association of social determinants and prevalence of blindness and visual impairment. Additional research should be done on the associations with intermediary determinants and socioeconomic and political context.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.