ReviewTropical medicine & international health : TM & IH2012
Review: analysis of parasite and other skewed counts.
Review in Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials for onchocerciasis, loiasis and mansonellosis: A systematic review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Pooled it
- Fecal Indicator Bacteria Data to Characterize Drinking Water Quality in Low-Resource Settings: Summary of Current Practices and Recommendations for Improving Validity.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- A Comparison of Snoring Changes With a Supine-Avoidance Alarm Device Compared to Constant Positive Airway Pressure Treatment in Patients With Supine-Predominant OSA.Journal of sleep research · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Parasite community of the pelagic thresher Alopias pelagicus (Lamniformes) as additional indicator of trophic network status and functioning.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- To bin or not to bin: why parasite abundance data should not be lumped into categories for statistical analysis.Parasitology · 2025Review
- POPULATION STRUCTURE AND BARTONELLA QUINTANA IN HEAD AND BODY LICE IN POKHARA, NEPAL (ANOPLURA: PEDICULIDAE).The Journal of parasitology · 2023Article
- Cluster randomized controlled trial analysis at the cluster level: The clan command.The Stata journal · 2023Article
- CDC light traps underestimate the protective efficacy of an indoor spatial repellent against bites from wild Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes in Tanzania.Malaria journal · 2023Article
- Host genetic identity determines parasite community structure across time and space in oyster restoration.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Experimental removal of nematode parasites increases growth, sprint speed, and mating success in brown anole lizards.Journal of experimental zoology. Part A, Ecological and integrative physiology · 2022Article
- Equine strongylids: Ivermectin efficacy and fecal egg shedding patterns.Parasitology research · 2022Article
- Eco-epidemiological screening of multi-host wild rodent communities in the UK reveals pathogen strains of zoonotic interest.International journal for parasitology. Parasites and wildlife · 2022Article
- Distribution of different species of metacercariae in two freshwater fishes:Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2022Article
- Schistosome infection in Senegal is associated with different spatial extents of risk and ecological drivers for Schistosoma haematobium and S. mansoni.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2021Article
- The Role of Nile Tilapia (Frontiers in veterinary science · 2021Article
- Locomotor activity in Aedes aegypti with different insecticide resistance profiles.Revista de saude publica · 2021Article
- Prevalence and seasonal variation of gastrointestinal nematodes and coccidia infecting ovine grazing on communal rangelands in the Eastern Cape, South Africa.Parasitology research · 2020Article
- Helminth infections among rural schoolchildren in Southern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional multilevel and zero-inflated regression model.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- A first nation-wide assessment of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in Fijian primary schools, and factors associated with the infection, using a lymphatic filariasis transmission assessment survey as surveillance platform.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo review methods for the statistical analysis of parasite and other skewed count data.
methodsStatistical methods for skewed count data are described and compared, with reference to a 10-year period of Tropical Medicine and International Health (TMIH). Two parasitological datasets are used for illustration.
resultsThe review of TMIH found 90 articles, of which 89 used descriptive methods and 60 used inferential analysis. A lack of clarity is noted in identifying the measures of location, in particular the Williams and geometric means. The different measures are compared, emphasising the legitimacy of the arithmetic mean for the skewed data. In the published articles, the t test and related methods were often used on untransformed data, which is likely to be invalid. Several approaches to inferential analysis are described, emphasising (1) non-parametric methods, while noting that they are not simply comparisons of medians, and (2) generalised linear modelling, in particular with the negative binomial distribution. Additional methods, such as the bootstrap, with potential for greater use are described.
conclusionsClarity is recommended when describing transformations and measures of location. It is suggested that non-parametric methods and generalised linear models are likely to be sufficient for most analyses.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.