ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2012
Molecular mechanisms of ursodeoxycholic acid toxicity & side effects: ursodeoxycholic acid freezes regeneration & induces hibernation mode.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of combined ursodeoxycholic acid and glucocorticoid on the outcome of Kasai procedure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Medicine · 2018Pooled it
- The role of ursodeoxycholic acid in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis: a systematic review.BMC gastroenterology · 2013Pooled it
- The effects of ursodeoxycholic acid on albuminuria in people with type 1 diabetes and diabetic kidney disease: a proof-of-concept study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Trial
- Association between post-Kasai cholangitis episodes, ursodeoxycholic acid regimen, and portal hypertension risk in biliary atresia: a multicenter cross-sectional study.Pediatric surgery international · 2026Article
- Neuroprotective effects of ursodeoxycholic acid in Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.Neuroprotection (Chichester, England) · 2026Review
- Autosomal recessiveMolecular genetics and metabolism reports · 2026Article
- Mechanistic Analysis of Fisetin in Liver Diseases and Its Potential Therapeutic Application in IFALD-A Review of In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.Nutrients · 2025Review
- FXR-mediated antigen-specific CD8Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Dosage and duration of ursodeoxycholic acid therapy Post-Kasai portoenterostomy in biliary atresia: a multicenter cross-sectional study with age stratification.Pediatric surgery international · 2025Article
- Review
- Chenodeoxycholic acid triggers gastric mucosal injury by inducing apoptosis and FXR activation.PloS one · 2025Article
- The Role of Lipids in Atherosclerosis: Focus on Molecular Biology Mechanisms and Therapeutic Approaches.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Advances in Pharmacological Activities, Biosynthesis, and Structural Modification of Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA): A Review.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- In Vitro Assays for the Assessment of Safety and Toxicity in Pharmacopuncture Derived from Animal.Journal of pharmacopuncture · 2024Article
- Synthesis of TUDCA from chicken bile: immobilized dual-enzymatic system for producing artificial bear bile substitute.Microbial cell factories · 2024Review
- CRISPR/Cas9-MediatedInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Association Between Ursodeoxycholic Acid and Clinical Outcomes in Patients With COVID-19 Infection: Population-Based Cohort Study.JMIR public health and surveillance · 2024Article
- Protective effects of cilostazol via the HNF1α/FXR signalling pathway and anti-apoptotic mechanisms in a rat model of estrogen-induced intrahepatic cholestasis.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Evaluation of the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacies of mucus and tissue nucleoproteins extracted fromJournal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2024Article
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is a steroid bile acid approved for primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC). UDCA is reported to have "hepato-protective properties". Yet, UDCA has "unanticipated" toxicity, pronounced by more than double number of deaths, and eligibility for liver transplantation compared to the control group in 28 mg/kg/day in primary sclerosing cholangitis, necessitating trial halt in North America. UDCA is associated with increase in hepatocellular carcinoma in PBC especially when it fails to achieve biochemical response (10 and 15 years incidence of 9% and 20% respectively). "Unanticipated" UDCA toxicity includes hepatitis, pruritus, cholangitis, ascites, vanishing bile duct syndrome, liver cell failure, death, severe watery diarrhea, pneumonia, dysuria, immune-suppression, mutagenic effects and withdrawal syndrome upon sudden halt. UDCA inhibits DNA repair, co-enzyme A, cyclic AMP, p53, phagocytosis, and inhibits induction of nitric oxide synthatase. It is genotoxic, exerts aneugenic activity, and arrests apoptosis even after cellular phosphatidylserine externalization. UDCA toxicity is related to its interference with drug detoxification, being hydrophilic and anti-apoptotic, has a long half-life, has transcriptional mutational abilities, down-regulates cellular functions, has a very narrow difference between the recommended (13 mg/kg/day) and toxic dose (28 mg/kg/day), and it typically transforms into lithocholic acid that induces DNA strand breakage, it is uniquely co-mutagenic, and promotes cell transformation. UDCA beyond PBC is unjustified.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.