ArticleCancer research2012
ROCK1 and ROCK2 are required for non-small cell lung cancer anchorage-independent growth and invasion.
Article in Cancer research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 83 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
83 citing papers in PubMed, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Activation of GScience advances · 2026Article
- Rho GTPases in cancer resistance: mechanisms, vulnerabilities, and therapeutic opportunities.Biochemical Society transactions · 2026Review
- Review
- Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-associated proteins and genes-encoded proteins upregulated in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC).Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Article
- Reversal of MPPa-PDT Resistance in Osteosarcoma by Targeting ROCK2-Mediated Autophagy.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Dysregulation of Rho-Associated Coiled-Coil Protein Kinase1 Depletes Neural Stem Cell Pool and Impairs Hippocampal Neurogenesis After Traumatic Brain Injury.Cell proliferation · 2026Article
- Targeting Cytoskeleton and Cell Motility: Past and Novel Strategies for Cancer Therapy.Oncology research · 2026Review
- Activated protein C promotes human lung cancer progression through the release of tumor extracellular vesicles and transfer of microRNA-200a.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Targeting the ROCK2/UBA52/DRP1 axis enhances ferroptosis and overcomes pemigatinib resistance in Cholangiocarcinoma.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- FGF-Mediated Axon Guidance: Role of Downstream Signaling Pathways in Cytoskeletal Control.Cells · 2025Review
- EGFR and EGFRvIII coopt host defense pathways promoting progression in glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- KinPred-RNA-kinase activity inference and cancer type classification using machine learning on RNA-seq data.iScience · 2024Article
- The long non-coding RNA CCAT1 promotes erlotinib resistance in cholangiocarcinoma by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition via the miR-181a-5p/ROCK2 axis.American journal of cancer research · 2024Article
- Circular RNA in Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma: Identification of Targets and New Treatment Modalities.Cancer genomics & proteomics · 2023Review
- Identification of ROCK1 as a novel biomarker for postmenopausal osteoporosis and pan-cancer analysis.Aging · 2023Article
- Y-27632 acts beyond ROCK inhibition to maintain epidermal stem-like cells in culture.Journal of cell science · 2023Article
- Neferine, a novel ROCK1-targeting inhibitor, blocks EMT process and induces apoptosis in non-small cell lung cancer.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Article
- Review
- Crosstalk between ROCK1 and PYROXD1 regulates CAFs activation and promotes laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma metastasis.Discover oncology · 2022Article
- Nc886 promotes renal cancer cell drug-resistance by enhancing EMT through Rock2 phosphorylation-mediated β-catenin nuclear translocation.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2022Article
23 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Evidence is emerging that the closely related ROCK1 and ROCK2 serine/threonine kinases support the invasive and metastatic growth of a spectrum of human cancer types. Therefore, inhibitors of ROCK are under preclinical development. However, a key step in their development involves the identification of genetic biomarkers that will predict ROCK inhibitor antitumor activity. One identified mechanism for ROCK activation in cancer involves the loss of function of the DLC1 tumor suppressor gene, which encodes a GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP) for the RhoA and RhoC small GTPases. DLC-1 loss may lead to hyperactivation of RhoA/C and its downstream effectors, the ROCK kinases. We therefore determined whether loss of DLC-1 protein expression identifies non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines whose growth and invasion phenotypes are sensitive to ROCK inhibition. We identified and characterized a novel small molecule pharmacologic inhibitor of ROCK and additionally applied genetic approaches to impair ROCK1 and/or ROCK2 activity, and we determined that although NSCLC anchorage-dependent growth was ROCK-independent, both anchorage-independent growth and Matrigel invasion were ROCK-dependent. However, loss of DLC-1 expression did not correlate with ROCK activation or with OXA-06 sensitivity. Unexpectedly, suppression of ROCK1 or ROCK2 expression alone was sufficient to impair anchorage-independent growth, supporting their nonoverlapping roles in oncogenesis. Mechanistically, the block in anchorage-independent growth was associated with accumulation of cells in the G(0)-G(1) phase of the cell cycle, but not increased anoikis. We conclude that ROCK may be a useful therapeutic target for NSCLC.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.