ArticleNature medicine2012
Antiretroviral dynamics determines HIV evolution and predicts therapy outcome.
Article in Nature medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03220178 (PRECYCLE), which is not on this map. Cited by 100 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
PRECYCLE: Multicenter, Randomized Phase IV Intergroup Trial to Evaluate the Impact of eHealth-based Patient Reported Outcome (PRO) Assessment on Quality of Life in Patients With Hormone Receptor Positive, HER2 Negative Locally Advanced or Metastatic Breast Cancer Treated With Palbociclib and an Aromatase Inhibitor- or Palbociclib and Fulvestrant
Who cites it
100 citing papers in PubMed.
- Contribution of Gag and Protease to HIV-1 Phenotypic Drug Resistance in Pediatric Patients Failing Protease Inhibitor-Based Therapy.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2016Trial
- Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Efficacy and Drug Resistance Selection of Injectable Long-Acting Lenacapavir Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Against HIV.CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology · 2026Article
- SIMPLICITY is an agent-based, multi-scale mathematical model to study SARS-CoV-2 intra- and between-host evolution.Communications biology · 2026Article
- HIV case management using agent-based modeling approach subject to antiretroviral therapy and lifestyle treatment plan.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, efficacy and drug resistance selection of injectable long-acting lenacapavir pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) against HIV.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
- Fitness seascapes are necessary for realistic modeling of the evolutionary response to drug therapy.Science advances · 2025Article
- Modelling HIV-1 control and remission.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2024Review
- Understanding early HIV-1 rebound dynamics following antiretroviral therapy interruption: The importance of effector cell expansion.PLoS pathogens · 2024Article
- Article
- Understanding early HIV-1 rebound dynamics following antiretroviral therapy interruption: The importance of effector cell expansion.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Diverse mutant selection windows shape spatial heterogeneity in evolving populations.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Evolutionary druggability: leveraging low-dimensional fitness landscapes towards new metrics for antimicrobial applications.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Diverse mutant selection windows shape spatial heterogeneity in evolving populations.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Preclinical Evaluation of Long-Acting Emtricitabine Semi-Solid Prodrug Nanoparticle Formulations.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Machine learning aided multiscale modelling of the HIV-1 infection in the presence of NRTI therapy.PeerJ · 2023Article
- Article
- Assessing the relative importance of bacterial resistance, persistence and hyper-mutation for antibiotic treatment failure.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- The risk of drug resistance during long-acting antimicrobial therapy.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Third-line antiretroviral therapy, including raltegravir (RAL), darunavir (DRV/r) and/or etravirine (ETR), is well tolerated and achieves durable virologic suppression over 144 weeks in resource-limited settings: ACTG A5288 strategy trial.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2022Article
- Spectrum of Atazanavir-Selected Protease Inhibitor-Resistance Mutations.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Despite the high inhibition of viral replication achieved by current anti-HIV drugs, many patients fail treatment, often with emergence of drug-resistant virus. Clinical observations show that the relationship between adherence and likelihood of resistance differs dramatically among drug classes. We developed a mathematical model that explains these observations and predicts treatment outcomes. Our model incorporates drug properties, fitness differences between susceptible and resistant strains, mutations and adherence. We show that antiviral activity falls quickly for drugs with sharp dose-response curves and short half-lives, such as boosted protease inhibitors, limiting the time during which resistance can be selected for. We find that poor adherence to such drugs causes treatment failure via growth of susceptible virus, explaining puzzling clinical observations. Furthermore, our model predicts that certain single-pill combination therapies can prevent resistance regardless of patient adherence. Our approach represents a first step for simulating clinical trials of untested anti-HIV regimens and may help in the selection of new drug regimens for investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.