ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2012
Residual viral and bacterial contamination of surfaces after cleaning and disinfection.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A systematic review of chlorine-based surface disinfection efficacy to inform recommendations for low-resource outbreak settings.American journal of infection control · 2021Pooled it
- Trial
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- Isolation and identification of microorganisms from public and semi-public multi-user video gamepads with respect to hygiene and disinfection measures.AIMS public health · 2026Article
- Development and characterisation of antimicrobial epoxy resin.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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- The burden and etiologies of diarrhea in Asia and its countries from 1990 to 2021 and the forecast to 2040: analyses informed by the global burden of disease study 2021.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Variable sensitivity of clinical Candida auris strains to Biocides: implications for infection control in Healthcare Settings.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- Bovine Digital Dermatitis: Treponema spp. on trimming equipment and chutes - effect of washing and disinfection.BMC veterinary research · 2024Article
- Hygiene requirements for cleaning and disinfection of surfaces: recommendation of the Commission for Hospital Hygiene and Infection Prevention (KRINKO) at the Robert Koch Institute.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2024Article
- Disinfection of Phi6, MS2, and Escherichia coli by Natural Sunlight on Healthcare Critical Surfaces.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
- Assessment of a novel continuous cleaning device using metatranscriptomics in diverse hospital environments.Frontiers in medical technology · 2023Article
- Microbiome and virome on indoor surfaces of an Antarctic research ship.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2023Article
- Article
- Feeding Our Microbiota: Stimulation of the Immune/Semiochemical System and the Potential Amelioration of Non-Communicable Diseases.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Evaluation of surface disinfection methods to inactivate the beta coronavirus Murine Hepatitis Virus.Journal of occupational and environmental hygiene · 2022Article
- Anti-pathogen stainless steel combating COVID-19.Chemical engineering journal (Lausanne, Switzerland : 1996) · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Environmental surfaces contaminated with pathogens can be sources of indirect transmission, and cleaning and disinfection are common interventions focused on reducing contamination levels. We determined the efficacy of cleaning and disinfection procedures for reducing contamination by noroviruses, rotavirus, poliovirus, parechovirus, adenovirus, influenza virus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella enterica from artificially contaminated stainless steel surfaces. After a single wipe with water, liquid soap, or 250-ppm free chlorine solution, the numbers of infective viruses and bacteria were reduced by 1 log(10) for poliovirus and close to 4 log(10) for influenza virus. There was no significant difference in residual contamination levels after wiping with water, liquid soap, or 250-ppm chlorine solution. When a single wipe with liquid soap was followed by a second wipe using 250- or 1,000-ppm chlorine, an extra 1- to 3-log(10) reduction was achieved, and except for rotavirus and norovirus genogroup I, no significant additional effect of 1,000 ppm compared to 250 ppm was found. A reduced correlation between reduction in PCR units (PCRU) and reduction in infectious particles suggests that at least part of the reduction achieved in the second step is due to inactivation instead of removal alone. We used data on infectious doses and transfer efficiencies to estimate a target level to which the residual contamination should be reduced and found that a single wipe with liquid soap followed by a wipe with 250-ppm free chlorine solution was sufficient to reduce the residual contamination to below the target level for most of the pathogens tested.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.