ArticleJournal of anatomy2012
The inner ear of Diacodexis, the oldest artiodactyl mammal.
Article in Journal of anatomy, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Semicircular canal morphology in Rodentia and its relationship to locomotion.Journal of anatomy · 2025Article
- The Internal Otic Region of Oromerycids (Artiodactyla, Oromerycidae), Early Camelids (Artiodactyla, Camelidae), and the Vicuña (Artiodactyla, Camelidae), Including Notes on Intraspecific and Subadult Ontogenetic Variation.Integrative organismal biology (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- An almost complete cranium ofSwiss journal of palaeontology · 2025Article
- Article
- The postcranial anatomy ofPeerJ · 2023Article
- Cross-species transmission of an ancient endogenous retrovirus and convergent co-option of its envelope gene in two mammalian orders.PLoS genetics · 2022Article
- Petrosal and bony labyrinth morphology of the stem paenungulate mammal (Paenungulatomorpha) Ocepeia daouiensis from the Paleocene of Morocco.Journal of anatomy · 2022Article
- Exploring the ontogenetic development of the inner ear in Aardvarks.Journal of anatomy · 2021Article
- The petrosal and basicranial morphology of Protoceras celer.PloS one · 2021Article
- Reassessment of the enigmatic ruminant Miocene genus Amphimoschus Bourgeois, 1873 (Mammalia, Artiodactyla, Pecora).PloS one · 2021Article
- Virtual endocranial and inner ear endocasts of the Paleocene 'condylarth' Chriacus: new insight into the neurosensory system and evolution of early placental mammals.Journal of anatomy · 2020Article
- The bony labyrinth of toothed whales reflects both phylogeny and habitat preferences.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Phylogenetic and functional implications of the ear region anatomy of Glossotherium robustum (Xenarthra, Mylodontidae) from the Late Pleistocene of Argentina.Die Naturwissenschaften · 2018Article
- Bony labyrinth morphology clarifies the origin and evolution of deer.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Semicircular canals inRoyal Society open science · 2017Article
- Resolving the relationships of Paleocene placental mammals.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2017Article
- Prenatal growth stages show the development of the ruminant bony labyrinth and petrosal bone.Journal of anatomy · 2017Article
- Anatomical study of the auditory region of Arctotherium tarijense (Ursidae, Tremarctinae), an extinct short-faced bear from the Pleistocene of South America.Journal of anatomy · 2016Article
- Shape variation and ontogeny of the ruminant bony labyrinth, an example in Tragulidae.Journal of anatomy · 2016Article
- Form and function of the mammalian inner ear.Journal of anatomy · 2016Review
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We provide the first detailed description of the inner ear of the oldest artiodactyl, Diacodexis, based on a three-dimensional reconstruction extracted from computed tomography imagery of a skull of Diacodexis ilicis of earliest Wasatchian age (ca. 55 Ma). This description provides new anatomical data for the earliest artiodactyls, and reveals that the bony labyrinth of Diacodexis differs greatly from that of modern artiodactyls described so far. The bony labyrinth of Diacodexis presents a weakly coiled cochlea (720 °), a secondary common crus, a dorsal extension of the anterior semicircular canal more pronounced than that of the posterior one, and a small angle between the basal turn of the bony cochlear canal and the lateral semicircular canal. This suite of characters also occurs in basal eutherian mammals. Diacodexis strongly resembles small living tragulid ruminants in its overall body shape and hindlimb proportions. Comparison of the bony labyrinth of Diacodexis to that of the tragulid Moschiola meminna (Indian mouse deer) reveals great morphological difference in cochlear shape and semicircular canal disposition. The shape of the cochlea suggests that Diacodexis was a high-frequency hearing specialist, with a high low-frequency hearing limit (543 Hz at 60 dB). By comparison, the estimated low-frequency limit of Moschiola meminna is much lower (186.0 Hz at 60 dB). We also assess the locomotor agility of Diacodexis based on measurements of the semicircular canals. Locomotor agility estimates for Diacodexis range between 3.62 and 3.93, and suggest a degree of agility compatible with a nimble, fast running to jumping animal. These results are congruent with the postcranial functional analysis for this extinct taxon.
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