ArticleThe Pediatric infectious disease journal2013
Density interactions among Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus in the nasopharynx of young Peruvian children.
Article in The Pediatric infectious disease journal, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiological characteristics of nasopharyngeal Streptococcus pneumoniae strains among children with pneumonia in Chongqing, China.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- Epidemiological Markers for Interactions Among Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus in Upper Respiratory Tract Carriage.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2016Trial
- Pneumococcal Detection and Bacterial Co-Detection in Children After COVID-19: A Two-Year Multiplex PCR Study.Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Distribution of serotypes, biotype, and antibiotic sensitivity of Haemophilus influenzae in nasopharyngeal carrier children in Lima, Peru.Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica · 2025Article
- Antibiotic resistance and factors associated with colonization dynamics ofEpidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Persistence of Vaccine Serotype Carriage and Differences in Pneumococcal Carriage by Laboratory Method and Sample Type in Indigenous Individuals in the Southwest United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Observational
- Role of the upper airway microbiota in respiratory virus and bacterial pathobiont dynamics in the first year of life.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae epidemiology, pathogenesis and control.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2025Review
- Fluorescent antibody-based detection and ultrastructural analysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae in human sputum.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2025Article
- Comparison of nasopharyngeal bacteriological profile between patients with diabetes and healthy individuals in Accra, Ghana.BMC research notes · 2024Article
- Optimizing recovery of Haemophilus influenzae from vaginal-rectal specimens and determining carriage rates in pregnant women.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
- PCV13 vaccine prevents pneumococcal biofilms without affectingFrontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Antibiotic prescribing practices for acute respiratory illness in children less than 24 months of age in Kenema, Sierra Leone: is it time to move beyond algorithm driven decision making?BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- The upper respiratory tract microbiota of healthy adults is affected by Streptococcus pneumoniae carriage, smoking habits, and contact with children.Microbiome · 2023Article
- Association between nasopharyngeal colonization with multiple pneumococcal serotypes and total pneumococcal colonization density in young Peruvian children.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2023Article
- Impact of Pneumococcal and Viral Pneumonia on the Respiratory and Intestinal Tract Microbiomes of Mice.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Clearance of mixed biofilms of Streptococcus pneumoniae and methicillin-susceptible/resistant Staphylococcus aureus by antioxidants N-acetyl-L-cysteine and cysteamine.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Assessing the Impact of Acute Respiratory Illnesses on the Risk of Subsequent Respiratory Illness.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Airway microbiome-immune crosstalk in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Unraveling the Impact of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccines on Bacterial Conjunctivitis in Children.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
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12 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae and Staphylococcus aureus are commonly carried in the nasopharynx of young children, and have been speculated to interact with each other. Although earlier studies used cultures alone to assess these interactions, the addition of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) provides further insight into these interactions. We compared results of culture and qPCR for the detection of these 3 bacteria in 446 nasopharynx samples collected from 360 healthy young children in a prospective cohort study in the Peruvian Andes. Patterns of concurrent bacterial colonization were studied using repeated measures logistic regression models with generalized estimating equations. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to assess correlations among bacterial densities. At a bacterial density <10 colony forming units/mL measured by qPCR, culture detected significantly less carriers (P < 0.0001) for all 3 pathogens, than at a bacterial density >10 colony forming units/mL. In addition, there was a positive association between S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae colonization measured by both culture (odds ratio [OR] 3.11-3.17, P < 0.001) and qPCR (OR 1.95-1.97, P < 0.01). The densities of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae, measured by qPCR, were positively correlated (correlation coefficient 0.32, P < 0.001). A negative association was found between the presence of S. pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus in carriage with both culture (OR 0.45, P = 0.024) and qPCR (OR 0.61, P < 0.05). The impact of density on detection by culture and the observed density-related interactions support use of qPCR in additional studies to examine vaccine effects on diverse bacterial species.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.