ArticleThe Journal of investigative dermatology2013
Interferon regulatory factor 6 promotes differentiation of the periderm by activating expression of Grainyhead-like 3.
Article in The Journal of investigative dermatology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 88 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 131 citations in OpenAlex.
- The orofacial cleft risk gene IRF6 is a target gene of SOX9 in cranial neural crest cells.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Article
- Systems-level analysis identifies IRF6 as an inhibitor of epithelial-mesenchymal transition.Journal of biological engineering · 2026Article
- Gene expression dynamics of human and mouse craniofacial development at the single-cell level.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A small-molecule screen identifies that elafibranor links mechanical cues and Irf6-dependent epithelial differentiation.Disease models & mechanisms · 2026Article
- Rare variants in PRKCI cause Van der Woude syndrome and other features of peridermopathy.American journal of human genetics · 2025Article
- Neural crest and periderm-specific requirements of Irf6 during neural tube and craniofacial development.Developmental biology · 2025Review
- IRF6 controls Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) lytic reactivation and differentiation in EBV-infected epithelial cells.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- A Single-cell Atlas of Developing Mouse Palates Reveals Cellular and Molecular Transitions in Periderm Cell Fate.Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Glucose modulates IRF6 transcription factor dimerization to enable epidermal differentiation.Cell stem cell · 2025Article
- ARHGAP29 promotes keratinocyte proliferation and migration in vitro and is dispensable for in vivo wound healing.Developmental dynamics : an official publication of the American Association of Anatomists · 2025Article
- Functional Validation of Noncoding Variants Associated With Nonsyndromic Orofacial Cleft.Human mutation · 2025Review
- High incidence and geographic distribution of cleft palate in Finland are associated with the IRF6 gene.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Single-cell transcriptome and chromatin accessibility mapping of upper lip and primary palate fusion.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2024Article
- Dissecting the regulatory logic of specification and differentiation during vertebrate embryogenesis.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Functional analysis of ESRP1/2 gene variants and CTNND1 isoforms in orofacial cleft pathogenesis.Communications biology · 2024Article
- Functional analysis ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Neural crest and periderm-specific requirements ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- A scATAC-seq atlas of stasis zone in rat skin burn injury wound process.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Article
- Molecular and spatial landmarks of early mouse skin development.Developmental cell · 2023Article
- Functions of the RIP kinase family members in the skin.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Review
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
15 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
IFN regulatory factor 6 (IRF6) is a transcription factor that, in mammals, is required for the differentiation of skin, breast epithelium, and oral epithelium. However, the transcriptional targets that mediate these effects are currently unknown. In zebrafish and frog embryos, Irf6 is necessary for differentiation of the embryonic superficial epithelium, or periderm. Here we use microarrays to identify genes that are expressed in the zebrafish periderm and whose expression is inhibited by a dominant-negative variant of Irf6 (dnIrf6). These methods identify Grainyhead-like 3 (Grhl3), an ancient regulator of the epidermal permeability barrier, as acting downstream of Irf6. In human keratinocytes, IRF6 binds conserved elements near the GRHL3 [corrected] promoter. We show that one of these elements has enhancer activity in human keratinocytes and zebrafish periderm, suggesting that Irf6 directly stimulates Grhl3 expression in these tissues. Simultaneous inhibition of grhl1 and grhl3 disrupts periderm differentiation in zebrafish, and, intriguingly, forced grhl3 expression restores periderm markers in both zebrafish injected with dnIrf6 and frog embryos depleted of Irf6. Finally, in Irf6-deficient mouse embryos, Grhl3 expression in the periderm and oral epithelium is virtually absent. These results indicate that Grhl3 is a key effector of Irf6 in periderm differentiation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.