Trial reportThe New England journal of medicine2012
Intermittent androgen suppression for rising PSA level after radiotherapy.
Trial report in The New England journal of medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to 4 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 217 papers, 13 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Randomized Phase 3 Trial of Metformin in Patients Initiating Androgen Deprivation Therapy as Prevention and Intervention of Metabolic Syndrome: The Prime Study
A Phase III Randomized Trial Comparing Intermittent Versus Continuous Androgen Suppression for Patients With Prostate-Specific-Antigen Progression in the Clinical Absence of Distant Metastases Following Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer
Feasibility Study of an Intervention Therapeutic Education for Patients Treated With Androgen Deprivation
PEACE-9 - ESCALATE-RT: A Phase III Randomized Study in Patients With High-risk PSA Relapse After Local Therapy Treated With Enzalutamide Plus Androgen Deprivation Therapy and Comparing MDT ± Pelvic Radiotherapy Versus no Further Treatment
Who cites it
217 citing papers in PubMed, 13 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 490 citations in OpenAlex.
- Salvage therapies for biochemical recurrence after definitive local treatment: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and network meta-analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2025Pooled it
- Comparing the safety and efficacy of systemic therapies for high-risk biochemically recurrent hormone-sensitive prostate cancer: a network meta-analysis.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic review and recommendations for re-irradiation for intraprostatic radiorecurrent prostate cancer after definitive radiation therapy.World journal of urology · 2024Pooled it
- Pan-Asian adapted ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for the diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of patients with prostate cancer.ESMO open · 2022Guideline
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials With Novel Hormonal Therapies for Non-Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: An Update From Mature Overall Survival Data.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Pooled it
- Event-Free Survival, a Prostate-Specific Antigen-Based Composite End Point, Is Not a Surrogate for Overall Survival in Men With Localized Prostate Cancer Treated With Radiation.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2020Pooled it
- Assessing the Justification, Funding, Success, and Survival Outcomes of Randomized Noninferiority Trials of Cancer Drugs: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis.JAMA network open · 2019Pooled it
- SEOM clinical guidelines for the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (2017).Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2018Guideline
- Metastasis-Free Survival Is a Strong Surrogate of Overall Survival in Localized Prostate Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2017Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of cardiovascular events in intermittent androgen-deprivation therapy versus continuous androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer patients.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2016Pooled it
- Intermittent androgen deprivation is a rational standard-of-care treatment for all stages of progressive prostate cancer: results from a systematic review and meta-analysis.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2014Pooled it
- Intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation for locally advanced, recurrent or metastatic prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC urology · 2014Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Accelerating Drug Development in Hormone-Naïve Prostate Cancer through Multimodal Therapy Strategies: The MetaCURE Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Trial
- Prior Local Therapy and First-Line Apalutamide in Patients With Nonmetastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: A Secondary Analysis of the SPARTAN Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2024Trial
- PRESTO: A Phase III, Open-Label Study of Intensification of Androgen Blockade in Patients With High-Risk Biochemically Relapsed Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer (AFT-19).Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2024Trial
- Testosterone castration levels in patients with prostate cancer: Is there a difference between GnRH agonist and GnRH antagonist? Primary results of an open-label randomized control study.Investigative and clinical urology · 2023Trial
- Addition of Metastasis-Directed Therapy to Intermittent Hormone Therapy for Oligometastatic Prostate Cancer: The EXTEND Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA oncology · 2023Trial
- PSA provocation by bipolar androgen therapy may predict duration of response to first-line androgen deprivation: Updated results from the BATMAN study.The Prostate · 2022Trial
- Phase 3 Randomized Controlled Trial of Androgen Deprivation Therapy with or Without Docetaxel in High-risk Biochemically Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Surgery (TAX3503).European urology oncology · 2021Trial
157 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors at 15 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundIntermittent androgen deprivation for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation after radiotherapy may improve quality of life and delay hormone resistance. We assessed overall survival with intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation in a noninferiority randomized trial.
methodsWe enrolled patients with a PSA level greater than 3 ng per milliliter more than 1 year after primary or salvage radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. Intermittent treatment was provided in 8-month cycles, with nontreatment periods determined according to the PSA level. The primary end point was overall survival. Secondary end points included quality of life, time to castration-resistant disease, and duration of nontreatment intervals.
resultsOf 1386 enrolled patients, 690 were randomly assigned to intermittent therapy and 696 to continuous therapy. Median follow-up was 6.9 years. There were no significant between-group differences in adverse events. In the intermittent-therapy group, full testosterone recovery occurred in 35% of patients, and testosterone recovery to the trial-entry threshold occurred in 79%. Intermittent therapy provided potential benefits with respect to physical function, fatigue, urinary problems, hot flashes, libido, and erectile function. There were 268 deaths in the intermittent-therapy group and 256 in the continuous-therapy group. Median overall survival was 8.8 years in the intermittent-therapy group versus 9.1 years in the continuous-therapy group (hazard ratio for death, 1.02; 95% confidence interval, 0.86 to 1.21). The estimated 7-year cumulative rates of disease-related death were 18% and 15% in the two groups, respectively (P=0.24).
conclusionsIntermittent androgen deprivation was noninferior to continuous therapy with respect to overall survival. Some quality-of-life factors improved with intermittent therapy. (Funded by the Canadian Cancer Society Research Institute and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00003653.).
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Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.