ArticleMucosal immunology2013
Ancient T-independence of mucosal IgX/A: gut microbiota unaffected by larval thymectomy in Xenopus laevis.
Article in Mucosal immunology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extrafollicular and Other Non-Germinal Center B Cell Responses: An Evolutionary Perspective.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- The Janus (dual) model of immunoglobulin isotype evolution: Conservation and plasticity are the defining paradigms.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- The role of family and environment in determining the skin bacterial communities of captive aquatic frogs, Xenopus laevis.FEMS microbiology ecology · 2024Article
- Sex, health status and habitat alter the community composition and assembly processes of symbiotic bacteria in captive frogs.BMC microbiology · 2024Article
- The adaptive microbiome hypothesis and immune interactions in amphibian mucus.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2023Review
- Immunonutrition: facilitating mucosal immune response in teleost intestine with amino acids through oxidant-antioxidant balance.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Secreted immunoglobulin domain effector molecules of invertebrates and management of gut microbial ecology.Immunogenetics · 2022Review
- Evolutionary analyses of polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) in the mammals reveals an outstanding mutation rate in the lagomorphs.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Identification of the Fc-alpha/mu receptor in Xenopus provides insight into the emergence of the poly-Ig receptor (pIgR) and mucosal Ig transport.European journal of immunology · 2021Article
- Immunological Aspects of Chytridiomycosis.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Comparison of intestinal microbes in female and male Chinese concave-eared frogs (Odorrana tormota) and effect of nematode infection on gut bacterial communities.MicrobiologyOpen · 2019Article
- A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2018Review
- Urea hydrolysis by gut bacteria in a hibernating frog: evidence for urea-nitrogen recycling in Amphibia.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2018Article
- "Double-duty" conventional dendritic cells in the amphibian Xenopus as the prototype for antigen presentation to B cells.European journal of immunology · 2018Article
- Functional characterization of a short peptidoglycan recognition protein from Chinese giant salamander (Oncotarget · 2017Article
- Functional analysis for gut microbes of the brown tree frog (Polypedates megacephalus) in artificial hibernation.BMC genomics · 2016Article
- Fish Immunoglobulins.Biology · 2016Review
- B cells and their role in the teleost gut.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2016Review
- The repetitive portion of the Xenopus IgH Mu switch region mediates orientation-dependent class switch recombination.Molecular immunology · 2015Article
- Microbiota and mucosal immunity in amphibians.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Many studies address the influence of the gut microbiome on the immune system, but few dissect the effect of T cells on gut microbiota and mucosal responses. We have employed larval thymectomy in Xenopus to study the gut microbiota with and without the influence of T lymphocytes. Pyrosequencing of 16S ribosomal RNA genes was used to assess the relative abundance of bacterial groups present in the stomach, small and large intestine. Clostridiaceae was the most abundant family throughout the gut, while Bacteroidaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae also were well represented. Unifrac analysis revealed no differences in microbiota distribution between thymectomized and unoperated frogs. This is consistent with immunization data showing that levels of the mucosal immunoglobulin IgX are not altered significantly by thymectomy. This study in Xenopus represents the oldest organisms that exhibit class switch to a mucosal isotype and is relevant to mammalian immunology, as IgA appears to have evolved from IgX based upon phylogeny, genomic synteny, and function.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.