Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22927483›Full record

Trial reportClinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research2012

Ontogeny and sorafenib metabolism.

Eric I Zimmerman, Justin L Roberts, Lie Li, David Finkelstein, Alice Gibson, Amarjit S Chaudhry, Erin G Schuetz, Jeffrey E Rubnitz, Hiroto Inaba, Sharyn D Baker

Open access · bronzeAbstract readClinical Trial
In one paragraph

Trial report in Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
23citing papers in PubMed
3.9field-weighted citation impact, top 8% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

23 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Trial
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  4. PeerJ · 2025
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Review
  7. Microvesicles: the functional mediators in sorafenib resistance.Cancer drug resistance (Alhambra, Calif.) · 2022
    Review
  8. Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Sorafenib Population Pharmacokinetics and Skin Toxicities in Children and Adolescents with Refractory/Relapsed Leukemia or Solid Tumor Malignancies.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2019
    Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Eric I ZimmermanDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, USA.
Justin L Roberts
Lie Li
David Finkelstein
Alice Gibson
Amarjit S Chaudhry
Erin G Schuetz
Jeffrey E Rubnitz
Hiroto Inaba
Sharyn D Baker
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital · US

Funding

Viral Vector Technology (VVTSR)P30CA021765 · NCI · ST. JUDE CHILDREN'S RESEARCH HOSPITAL · PI CHARLES ROBERTS · 1985 to 2026
$166.9M
PROFESSIONAL ONCOLOGY EDUCATION PROGRAMR25CA023944 · NCI · ST. JUDE CHILDREN'S RESEARCH HOSPITAL · PI SUZANNE A. GRONEMEYER · 1986 to 2026
$8.3M
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors for the treatment of childhood AMLR01CA138744 · NCI · ST. JUDE CHILDREN'S RESEARCH HOSPITAL · PI BAKER, SHARYN D · 2010 to 2019
$3.3M
Genetic Predictors of Human Liver CYP Expression & ActivityR01GM094418 · NIGMS · ST. JUDE CHILDREN'S RESEARCH HOSPITAL · PI SCHUETZ, ERIN G · 2010 to 2013
$1.4M
NCI NIH HHS CA021765NCI NIH HHS CA023944NCI NIH HHS CA138744NCI NIH HHS P30 CA021765NCI NIH HHS R01 CA138744NCI NIH HHS R25 CA023944NIGMS NIH HHS R01 GM094418
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeTo investigate the role of ontogeny in sorafenib metabolism to the equipotent active metabolite sorafenib N-oxide. EXPERIMENTAL

designSteady-state pharmacokinetic studies of sorafenib and metabolites were conducted in 30 children and young adults (17 males; median age, 9.5 years) receiving sorafenib 150 mg/m(2) or 200 mg/m(2) twice daily. Sorafenib metabolism was evaluated in vitro at 10 μmol/L using a panel of purified human cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes. Sorafenib metabolism and CYP3A4 expression was evaluated in 52 human liver samples from donors of ≤20 years old. The drug-drug interaction potential between sorafenib and azole antifungal agents was evaluated in vitro and in vivo.

resultsNo age-related differences in sorafenib apparent oral clearance were observed. Mean sorafenib N-oxide metabolite ratio was 0.27 ± 0.14. In children of ≤10 years of age, boys had approximately 2-fold higher N-oxide ratios than girls (0.40 ± 0.15 vs. 0.22 ± 0.12, P = 0.026). Of the CYPs evaluated, sorafenib was exclusively metabolized to sorafenib N-oxide by CYP3A4. A trend for increased N-oxide formation in boys was observed in liver samples, which correlated with CYP3A4 mRNA expression. Posaconazole and voriconazole potently inhibited sorafenib N-oxide formation in vitro, and reduced sorafenib N-oxide formation in 3 children given sorafenib concurrent with azoles.

conclusionWe have identified several factors affecting interpatient variability in sorafenib metabolism to the active N-oxide metabolite including age, sex, and concurrent treatment with azole antifungals. This knowledge may provide important considerations for the clinical use of sorafenib in children and possibly other kinase inhibitors undergoing CYP3A4-mediated metabolism.

Indexed as

Phenylurea CompoundsProtein Kinase InhibitorsAdolescentAge FactorsAzolesChildChild, PreschoolCytochrome P-450 CYP3AFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornLiverMaleNiacinamidePyrimidinesAzolesCYP3A4 protein, humanCytochrome P-450 CYP3ANiacinamidePhenylurea CompoundsProtein Kinase InhibitorsPyrimidinesSorafenibTriazolesVoriconazole

Identifiers

PMID22927483
PMCPMC3490489
OpenAlexW2037831623

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.