ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Memory CD4+ T-cell-mediated protection depends on secondary effectors that are distinct from and superior to primary effectors.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed.
- Vaccine-induced boosting of influenza virus-specific CD4 T cells in younger and aged humans.PloS one · 2013Trial
- T-cell immunity against influenza virus does not require Th1 or Th17 master regulator transcription factors.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Preexisting vaccine-primed heterosubtypic T cell immunity protects the maternal-fetal unit from adverse influenza outcomes in mice.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2025Article
- Airway-resident memory CD4 T cell activation accelerates antigen presentation and T cell priming in draining lymph nodes.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Review
- Advanced UltraTech approach for distinguishing granulomatous from non-granulomatous corneal endothelial exudates in autoimmune rheumatic anterior uveitis.Journal of biological methods · 2024Article
- Cytotoxic CD4 development requires CD4 effectors to concurrently recognize local antigen and encounter type I IFN-induced IL-15.Cell reports · 2023Article
- CD4 Effector TCR Avidity for Peptide on APC Determines the Level of Memory Generated.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- STAT1 Controls the Functionality of Influenza-Primed CD4 T Cells but Therapeutic STAT4 Engagement Maximizes Their Antiviral Impact.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Aiolos represses CD4Nature communications · 2023Article
- CD4 memory has a hierarchical structure created by requirements for infection-derived signals at an effector checkpoint.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Systemic CD4 Immunity and PD-L1/PD-1 Blockade Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- IgDAging cell · 2022Article
- Mapping autophagosome contents identifies interleukin-7 receptor-α as a key cargo modulating CD4+ T cell proliferation.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Bona Fide Th17 Cells without Th1 Functional Plasticity Protect against Influenza.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- Article
- Follicular Helper-like T Cells in the Lung Highlight a Novel Role of B Cells in Sarcoidosis.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2021Article
- Durable CD4 T-Cell Memory Generation Depends on Persistence of High Levels of Infection at an Effector Checkpoint that Determines Multiple Fates.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology · 2021Review
- Local memory CD4 T cell niches in respiratory viral infection.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2021Article
- Type II alveolar cell MHCII improves respiratory viral disease outcomes while exhibiting limited antigen presentation.Nature communications · 2021Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Whether differences between naive cell-derived primary (1°) and memory cell-derived secondary (2°) CD4(+) T-cell effectors contribute to protective recall responses is unclear. Here, we compare these effectors directly after influenza A virus infection. Both develop with similar kinetics, but 2° effectors accumulate in greater number in the infected lung and are the critical component of memory CD4(+) T-cell-mediated protection against influenza A virus, independent of earlier-acting memory-cell helper functions. Phenotypic, functional, and transcriptome analyses indicate that 2° effectors share organ-specific expression patterns with 1° effectors but are more multifunctional, with more multicytokine (IFN-γ(+)/IL-2(+)/TNF(+))-producing cells and contain follicular helper T-cell populations not only in the spleen and draining lymph nodes but also in the lung. In addition, they express more CD127 and NKG2A but less ICOS and Lag-3 than 1° effectors and express higher levels of several genes associated with survival and migration. Targeting two differentially expressed molecules, NKG2A and Lag-3, reveals differential regulation of 1° and 2° effector functions during pathogen challenge.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.