SynthesisVirology journal2012
The role of lipopolysaccharide as a marker of immune activation in HIV-1 infected patients: a systematic literature review.
Synthesis in Virology journal, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pre-Digested Protein Enteral Nutritional Supplementation Enhances Recovery of CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- Resilient gut microbiome is linked to immune control in HIV-1 infection.Biology direct · 2026Article
- CXCL9 and CXCL10 Induce Expression of Nociceptive Ion Channels in Primary Sensory Neurons in Models of HIV-Associated Distal Sensory Polyneuropathy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Fatty acid signatures in people with HIV: association with adverse pregnancy outcomes and offspring anthropometrics.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2025Article
- MDSC expansion during HIV infection: regulators, ART and immune reconstitution.Genes and immunity · 2024Review
- Association of Fatty Acid Signatures with HIV Viremia in Pregnancy.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2024Observational
- Exploring the role of galectin-9 and artemin as biomarkers in long COVID with chronic fatigue syndrome: links to inflammation and cognitive function.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Distinct inflammation-related proteins associated with T cell immune recovery during chronic HIV-1 infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2023Article
- Markers of intestinal immune activation and inflammation are not associated with preterm birth among women with low level HIV viremia.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2023Article
- Immune activation and inflammation in lactating women on combination antiretroviral therapy: role of gut dysfunction and gut microbiota imbalance.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- HIV-1 activates oxidative phosphorylation in infected CD4 T cells in a human tonsil explant model.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- SAMHD1 Promotes the Antiretroviral Adaptive Immune Response in Mice Exposed to Lipopolysaccharide.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Article
- MR spectroscopy and diffusion imaging in people with human immunodeficiency virus: Relationships to clinical and immunologic findings.Journal of neuroimaging : official journal of the American Society of Neuroimaging · 2022Article
- Potential role of intermittent fasting on decreasing cardiovascular disease in human immunodeficiency virus patients receiving antiretroviral therapy.World journal of experimental medicine · 2021Review
- Inflammation and microbial translocation measured prior to combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and long-term probability of clinical progression in people living with HIV.BMC infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Circulating β-d-Glucan as a Marker of Subclinical Coronary Plaque in Antiretroviral Therapy-Treated People With Human Immunodeficiency Virus.Open forum infectious diseases · 2021Article
- Increased levels of circulating LPS during Tuberculosis prevails in patients with advanced pulmonary involvement.PloS one · 2021Article
- Targeting Cannabinoid Receptor 2 on Peripheral Leukocytes to Attenuate Inflammatory Mechanisms Implicated in HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2020Review
- The Anti-inflammatory Effects of Cotrimoxazole Prophylaxis for People Living With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Sub-Saharan Africa.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2020Article
- Daily variations of gut microbial translocation markers in ART-treated HIV-infected people.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundRecent observational studies suggest a role for lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a marker of immune activation in HIV-infected patients, with potential repercussions on the effectiveness of antiretroviral regimens. OBJECT: A systematic review of LPS as a marker of immune activation in HIV-1 infected patients. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE register of articles and international conference proceedings. REVIEW
methodsCase-control studies comparing the role of plasma LPS as a marker of immune activation in HIV-infected patients versus HIV negative subjects. DATA SYNTHESIS: Two hundred and six articles were selected using MEDLINE, plus 51 studies presented at international conferences. Plasma LPS is a marker of immune activation in HIV-infected patients, determining the entry of central memory CD4+ T cells into the replication cycle and finally generating cell death. Plasma LPS probably results from immune-mediated alterations of the intestinal barrier, which can occur soon after HIV seroconversion. LPS is a likely marker of disease progression, as it drives chronic monocyte activation, and some studies suggest that hyperexpression of CCR5 receptors, related to LPS plasma levels, could be responsible for monocyte trafficking in the brain compartment and for the appearance of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. Long-term combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) generally reduces LPS concentrations, but rarely to the same levels as in the control group. This phenomenon probably depends on ongoing but incomplete repair of the mucosal barrier. Only in patients achieving maximal viral suppression (i.e. viral load < 2.5 cp/ml) are LPS levels comparable to healthy donors. In successfully treated patients who did not restore CD4+ T cells, one hypothesis is that the degree of residual microbial translocation, measured by LPS, alters the turnover of CD4+ T cells.
conclusionsLPS is a marker of microbial translocation, responsible for chronic immune activation in HIV-infected patients. Even in successfully treated patients, LPS values are rarely normal. Several studies suggest a role for LPS as a negative predictive marker of immune restoration in patients with blunted CD4 T cell gain.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.