ArticleMicrocirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994)2013
Is the real in vivo nitric oxide concentration pico or nano molar? Influence of electrode size on unstirred layers and NO consumption.
Article in Microcirculation (New York, N.Y. : 1994), 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Probing nitric oxide signaling using molecular MRI.Free radical biology & medicine · 2022Review
- Augmentation of Tissue Perfusion with Contrast Ultrasound: Influence of Three-Dimensional Beam Geometry and Conducted Vasodilation.Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography : official publication of the American Society of Echocardiography · 2021Article
- Article
- Nanomolar nitric oxide concentrations quickly and reversibly modulate astrocytic energy metabolism.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2017Article
- S-Nitrosation of Conserved Cysteines Modulates Activity and Stability of S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase (GSNOR).Biochemistry · 2016Article
- Mathematical model for shear stress dependent NO and adenine nucleotide production from endothelial cells.Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry · 2016Article
- A review of flux considerations for in vivo neurochemical measurements.The Analyst · 2015Review
- Detecting and monitoring NO, SNO and nitriteFuture science OAArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
1 author.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveThere is a debate if the [NO] required to influence vascular smooth muscle is below 50 nM or much higher. Electrodes with 30 μm and larger diameter report [NO] below 50 nM, whereas those with diameters of <10-12 μm report hundreds of nM. This study examined how size of electrodes influenced [NO] measurement due to NO consumption and unstirred layer issues.
methodsElectrodes were 2 mm disk, 30 μm × 2 mm carbon fiber, and single 7 μm diameter carbon fiber within open tip microelectrode, and exposed 7 μm carbon fiber of ~15 μm to 2 mm length.
resultsAll electrodes demonstrated linear calibrations with sufficient stirring. As stirring slowed, 30 μm and 2 mm electrodes reported much lower [NO] due to unstirred layers and high NO consumption. The three 7 μm microelectrodes had minor stirring issues. With limited stirring with NO present, 7 μm open tip microelectrodes advanced toward 30 μm and 2 mm electrodes experienced dramatically decreased current within 10-50 μm of the larger electrodes due to high NO consumption. None of the 7 μm microelectrodes interacted.
conclusionsThe data indicate large electrodes underestimate [NO] due to excessive NO consumption under conditions where unstirred layers are unavoidable and true microelectrodes are required for valid measurements.
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Registered trials
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