ArticleBMC genomics2012
H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation co-occur at many gene regulatory elements, while H3K14ac marks a subset of inactive inducible promoters in mouse embryonic stem cells.
Article in BMC genomics, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 305 papers.
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Who cites it
305 citing papers in PubMed, 533 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dynamic regulation of H3K9 modifications in cancer: pathogenesis and targeted therapies.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- HDAC inhibitor treatment restores transcriptome, chromatin accessibility, and memory deficits in a mouse model for Down syndrome.iScience · 2026Article
- Epigenetic regulation of transgenes.Journal of biotechnology · 2026Review
- Pharmacokinetic studies and synergistic antitumor effects of cannabichromene and cannabidiol in drug-resistant breast cancers.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- PBRM1-dependent PBAF targeting is required for EMT and metastasis in breast cancer.Science advances · 2026Article
- Histone Acetylation Differentially Modulates CTCF-CTCF Loops and Intra-TAD Interactions.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Nuclear-specific reductive carboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate fuels histone acetylation to induce chromatin accessibility and gene activation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- A role for the poly-asparagine repeat in the Plasmodium histone acetyltransferase, PfGCN5.Nature communications · 2026Article
- APOE4 Drives Uniquely Dysfunctional Human Microglial States in Alzheimer's Disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Regulation of Chromatin Acetylation by Alcohol: Dependence on Sex, Brain Region, and Mode of Exposure.Genes · 2026Review
- KDM3A catalyses the oxidation of acetyl-lysine to hydroxyacetyl-lysine on histone H3K9.Nature chemistry · 2026Article
- SM-NucSeq, Genetic and Epigenetic Sequencing of Nucleosomes with Single-Molecule Real-Time Sequencing.Nano letters · 2026Article
- Wnt-presenting materials sustain H3K14-acetylation in human skeletal stem cells for tissue engineering and bone repair.NPJ Regenerative medicine · 2026Article
- Direct Readout of Multivalent Chromatin Reader-Nucleosome Interactions by Nucleosome Mass Spectrometry.ACS central science · 2026Article
- Nuclear Histone 3 Post-Translational Modification Profiling in Whole Cells using Spectral Flow Cytometry.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Polyploid cisplatin-resistant cancer cells have altered nuclear organization and epigenomic status.Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Daphnia magna diapause-interrupted embryogenesis has changes in histone modifications at H3K9.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Article
- Deregulated enhancer-promoter communication in cancer through altered nuclear architecture.International journal of cancer · 2026Review
- H4K16 acylations destabilize chromatin architecture and facilitate transcriptional response during metabolic perturbations.Molecular cell · 2026Article
- Enhancer Trajectories in Lineage Commitment: Regulatory Logic of States and Cooperation.Biomolecules · 2026Review
245 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundTranscription regulation in pluripotent embryonic stem (ES) cells is a complex process that involves multitude of regulatory layers, one of which is post-translational modification of histones. Acetylation of specific lysine residues of histones plays a key role in regulating gene expression.
resultsHere we have investigated the genome-wide occurrence of two histone marks, acetylation of histone H3K9 and K14 (H3K9ac and H3K14ac), in mouse embryonic stem (mES) cells. Genome-wide H3K9ac and H3K14ac show very high correlation between each other as well as with other histone marks (such as H3K4me3) suggesting a coordinated regulation of active histone marks. Moreover, the levels of H3K9ac and H3K14ac directly correlate with the CpG content of the promoters attesting the importance of sequences underlying the specifically modified nucleosomes. Our data provide evidence that H3K9ac and H3K14ac are also present over the previously described bivalent promoters, along with H3K4me3 and H3K27me3. Furthermore, like H3K27ac, H3K9ac and H3K14ac can also differentiate active enhancers from inactive ones. Although, H3K9ac and H3K14ac, a hallmark of gene activation exhibit remarkable correlation over active and bivalent promoters as well as distal regulatory elements, a subset of inactive promoters is selectively enriched for H3K14ac.
conclusionsOur study suggests that chromatin modifications, such as H3K9ac and H3K14ac, are part of the active promoter state, are present over bivalent promoters and active enhancers and that the extent of H3K9 and H3K14 acetylation could be driven by cis regulatory elements such as CpG content at promoters. Our study also suggests that a subset of inactive promoters is selectively and specifically enriched for H3K14ac. This observation suggests that histone acetyl transferases (HATs) prime inactive genes by H3K14ac for stimuli dependent activation. In conclusion our study demonstrates a wider role for H3K9ac and H3K14ac in gene regulation than originally thought.
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