ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2012
Toward a structural understanding of Clostridium difficile toxins A and B.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 96 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
96 citing papers in PubMed, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Broad coverage of genetically diverse strains of Clostridium difficile by actoxumab and bezlotoxumab predicted by in vitro neutralization and epitope modeling.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2015Trial
- Clostridioides difficile toxin A and toxin B inhibit toxin-specific adaptive immune responses through glucosyltransferase-dependent activity.Mucosal immunology · 2025Article
- Large Clostridial Toxins: A Brief Review and Insights into Antigen Design for Veterinary Vaccine Development.Molecular biotechnology · 2025Review
- Clostridioides difficile meets the adenosine system: the art of manipulating host homeostasis.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
- Allosterically switchable network orientsProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- ApoE COG 133 mimetic peptide improves survival, infection burden, andExperimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2025Article
- Bacterial toxins induce non-canonical migracytosis to aggravate acute inflammation.Cell discovery · 2024Article
- A sequence invariable region in TcdB2 is required for toxin escape fromJournal of bacteriology · 2024Article
- Identification of a hemorrhagic determinant inMicrobiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Overview of Bacterial Protein Toxins from Pathogenic Bacteria: Mode of Action and Insights into Evolution.Toxins · 2024Review
- Molecular basis of TMPRSS2 recognition by Paeniclostridium sordellii hemorrhagic toxin.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Phylogenetic evaluation and genotypic identification of burn-related Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from post-burn human infections during hospitalization.Pathogens and disease · 2024Article
- Genomic and phenotypic characterization of aFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Ribotypes and New Virulent Strains Across Europe.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Causal role of gut microbiota, serum metabolites, immunophenotypes in myocarditis: a mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in genetics · 2024Article
- Structural dynamics of the CROPs domain control stability and toxicity of Paeniclostridium sordellii lethal toxin.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Review
- Review
- Cytotoxic synergism ofWorld journal of gastroenterology · 2023Review
- Structure-guided design of a potentFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
36 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a toxin-producing bacterium that is a frequent cause of hospital-acquired and antibiotic-associated diarrhea. The incidence, severity, and costs associated with C. difficile associated disease are substantial and increasing, making C. difficile a significant public health concern. The two primary toxins, TcdA and TcdB, disrupt host cell function by inactivating small GTPases that regulate the actin cytoskeleton. This review will discuss the role of these two toxins in pathogenesis and the structural and molecular mechanisms by which they intoxicate cells. A focus will be placed on recent publications highlighting mechanistic similarities and differences between TcdA, TcdB, and different TcdB variants.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.