ReviewFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology2011
Clostridial binary toxins: iota and C2 family portraits.
Review in Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology, 2011. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Novel endogenous protein-based strategies to inhibit clinically relevant bacterial AB-type toxins including pertussis toxin.Archives of toxicology · 2026Review
- Nanobodies against Clostridioides difficile CDTb provide a toolkit for potent toxin neutralization and highly sensitive quantitation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Anthrax Toxin: A Pioneer of Targeted Protein Toxins.Toxins · 2025Review
- Serine clamp of Clostridium perfringens binary toxin BECb (CPILEb)-pore confers cytotoxicity and enterotoxicity.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Oligomerization of the Clostridioides difficile transferase B component proceeds through a stepwise mechanism.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- The N-terminus of themBio · 2025Article
- Alpha-1 antitrypsin inhibits Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin, Corynebacterium diphtheriae diphtheria toxin and B. anthracis fusion toxin.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Cellular Uptake and Cytotoxicity ofToxins · 2023Review
- Domperidone InhibitsToxins · 2023Article
- Structural Basis for Binding of Neutralizing Antibodies toJournal of bacteriology · 2023Article
- Prospects of Using Protein Engineering for Selective Drug Delivery into a Specific Compartment of Target Cells.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- The Environment, Farm Animals and Foods as Sources ofFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Review
- Detection and Genomic Characterisation ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens: A Review on the Pathogen, Pathogenesis, and Prevention.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Innovative and Highly Sensitive Detection ofToxins · 2021Article
- Structural elucidation of theProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Outbreak of Murine Infection withmSphere · 2019Article
- Genome-Based Comparison of Clostridioides difficile: Average Amino Acid Identity Analysis of Core Genomes.Microbial ecology · 2018Article
- A novel Hsp70 inhibitor prevents cell intoxication with the actin ADP-ribosylating Clostridium perfringens iota toxin.Scientific reports · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
There are many pathogenic Clostridium species with diverse virulence factors that include protein toxins. Some of these bacteria, such as C. botulinum, C. difficile, C. perfringens, and C. spiroforme, cause enteric problems in animals as well as humans. These often fatal diseases can partly be attributed to binary protein toxins that follow a classic AB paradigm. Within a targeted cell, all clostridial binary toxins destroy filamentous actin via mono-ADP-ribosylation of globular actin by the A component. However, much less is known about B component binding to cell-surface receptors. These toxins share sequence homology amongst themselves and with those produced by another Gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium also commonly associated with soil and disease: Bacillus anthracis. This review focuses upon the iota and C2 families of clostridial binary toxins and includes: (1) basics of the bacterial source; (2) toxin biochemistry; (3) sophisticated cellular uptake machinery; and (4) host-cell responses following toxin-mediated disruption of the cytoskeleton. In summary, these protein toxins aid diverse enteric species within the genus Clostridium.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.