Trial reportJournal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine2013
The relationship between drug user stigma and depression among inner-city drug users in Baltimore, MD.
Trial report in Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Promoting substance use stigma resistance through an automated text message intervention (project RESTART): Outcomes of a pilot feasibility trial.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Trial
- Patterns of polysubstance use among people who use drugs on an American Indian reservation of a southern plains Tribal Nation.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Patterns of Felt Stigma Among Rural-Dwelling People Who Use Drugs: A Latent Class Analysis.Substance use & misuse · 2026Article
- Mapping the lived experience of rural substance use stigma: A conceptual framework of salient attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors in people who use drugs.Social science & medicine (1982) · 2025Article
- Sexual identity, sexual behavior, and drug use behaviors among people who use drugs in the rural U.S.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Testing the Relationships Between Multiple Domains of Substance Use‑Related Stigma and Depression Among a Sample of Young (18-30‑Year‑Old) People Who Inject Drugs in the Greater Chicago Area.International journal of mental health and addiction · 2025Article
- Rapid Assessment Amid an Injection Drug Use-Driven HIV Outbreak in Massachusetts' Merrimack Valley: Highlights from a Case Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- Correction: Rapid Assessment Amid an Injection Drug Use-Driven HIV Outbreak in Massachusetts' Merrimack Valley: Highlights from a Case Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Article
- The Strength of a Story: Partnering With a Community Organization to Destigmatize Substance Use Disorder.MedEdPORTAL : the journal of teaching and learning resources · 2025Article
- Drug-related stigma among people who inject drugs - development and validation of the drug use stigma scale (DUSS).PloS one · 2025Article
- Psychosocial correlates of depression and anxiety among treatment-seeking individuals with opioid dependence: a cross-sectional study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
- Examining naloxone access and interest in secondary naloxone distribution on an American Indian Reservation in the Northern Midwest of the United States.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2024Article
- Psychometric performance of tools to measure internalized drug use stigma among people who use drugs and people on medication-assisted treatment in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- "In Sweden you are worthless. In Denmark you get an identity again" - on being perceived and received as a person who uses drugs in different drug policy settings.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Developing practical strategies to reduce addiction-related stigma and discrimination in public addiction treatment centers: a mixed-methods study protocol.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2024Article
- The relationship between felt stigma and non-fatal overdose among rural people who use drugs.Harm reduction journal · 2024Article
- Drug Use-Related Discrimination in Healthcare Settings and Subsequent Emergency Department Utilization in a Prospective Cohort Study of People With a History of Injection Drug Use.Substance use & misuse · 2024Observational
- HIV stigma and disclosure of alcohol use to physicians: examining the mediating role of depression among persons living with HIV.AIDS care · 2023Article
- Article
- Correlates and consequences of anxiety and depressive symptom trajectories during early treatment for alcohol use.Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.) · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is growing awareness of the role of stigma and discrimination in HIV prevention, testing, and medical care. Yet, few studies have examined the stigma associated with using illicit drugs. In the present study, we examined the relationship between social network characteristics, drug user stigma, and depression. Study participants were comprised of 340 individuals who reported cocaine, crack, and/or heroin use in the prior 6 months and were involved in an HIV prevention study. They were recruited through street outreach, referrals, and word of mouth in inner-city Baltimore, MD, USA. The stigma scale was comprised of eight items, such as "how much do you feel ashamed of using drugs?" Depression was assessed with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, using cutoffs of 16 and 20 or greater. In the bivariate analyses, gender, homelessness in the past 6 months, drug user stigma, larger size of drug network, and current use of heroin, cocaine, and crack were all significantly associated with high levels of depression, whereas in the multivariate analyses, only drug user stigma remained significantly associated with depression. The results of this study suggest that drug treatment providers and other professionals who provide services to drug users should consider developing trainings to address drug user stigma. These programs should focus on the attitudes and behaviors of health and service providers toward drug users, among drug users themselves, and among family members and others who provide social support to drug users.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.