ReviewDigestive diseases and sciences2013
The overlap syndromes of autoimmune hepatitis.
Review in Digestive diseases and sciences, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 77 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current Treatment Regimens and Promising Molecular Therapies for Chronic Hepatobiliary Diseases.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Overlap syndromes in autoimmune liver disease: a review.Translational gastroenterology and hepatology · 2025Review
- Predictors of survival in autoimmune liver disease overlap syndromes.World journal of hepatology · 2024Article
- Autoimmune diseases refractory to corticosteroids and immunosuppressants.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Diagnosis and Treatment of Autoimmune Hepatitis: Questions, Answers, and Illustrative Cases: Endorsed by Autoimmune Liver Diseases Special Interest Group, Turkish Association for the Study of Liver.The Turkish journal of gastroenterology : the official journal of Turkish Society of Gastroenterology · 2023Article
- Autoimmune hepatitis presenting with concomitant chronic pancreatitis.Radiology case reports · 2023Article
- Overlap syndrome of primary biliary cholangitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis: two case reports.Journal of medical case reports · 2023Article
- Article
- Identification of circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for hepatic necroinflammation in patients with autoimmune hepatitis.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2022Article
- The significance of cytoplasmic antinuclear antibody patterns in autoimmune liver disease.PloS one · 2021Article
- Prognostic factors for remission, relapse, and treatment complications in type 1 autoimmune hepatitis.Heliyon · 2020Article
- Antigen-Specific Immunotherapy for Treatment of Autoimmune Liver Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Clinical profile and outcome of primary sclerosing cholangitis: A single-centre experience from western India.Indian journal of gastroenterology : official journal of the Indian Society of Gastroenterology · 2019Article
- Primary Biliary Cholangitis- Autoimmune Hepatitis Overlap Syndrome.Indian journal of pediatrics · 2018Article
- New scoring classification for primary biliary cholangitis-autoimmune hepatitis overlap syndrome.Hepatology communications · 2018Article
- Comprehensive Review of Molecular Mechanisms during Cholestatic Liver Injury and Cholangiocarcinoma.Journal of liver · 2018Article
- Autoimmune liver disease and the enteric microbiome.AIMS microbiology · 2018Review
- Global Disparities and Their Implications in the Occurrence and Outcome of Autoimmune Hepatitis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2017Review
- Autoimmune Hepatitis - Primary Biliary Cirrhosis Overlap Syndrome.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2017Article
- Xanthoma Striatum Palmare in a Patient of Primary Biliary Cirrhosis with Autoimmune Hepatitis.Annals of dermatology · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoimmune hepatitis has two major variant phenotypes in which the features of classical disease are co-mingled with those of primary biliary cirrhosis or primary sclerosing cholangitis. These overlap syndromes lack codified diagnostic criteria, established pathogenic mechanisms, and confident management strategies. Their clinical importance relates mainly to the identification of patients who respond poorly to conventional corticosteroid treatment. Scoring systems that lack discriminative power have been used in their definition, and a clinical phenotype based on pre-defined laboratory and histological findings has not been promulgated. The frequency of overlap with primary biliary cirrhosis is 7-13 %, and the frequency of overlap with primary sclerosing cholangitis is 8-17 %. Patients with autoimmune hepatitis and features of cholestatic disease must be distinguished from patients with cholestatic disease and features of autoimmune hepatitis. Variants of the overlap syndromes include patients with small duct primary sclerosing cholangitis, antimitochondrial antibody-negative primary biliary cirrhosis, autoimmune sclerosing cholangitis, and immunoglobulin G4-associated disease. Conventional corticosteroid therapy alone or in conjunction with ursodeoxycholic acid (13-15 mg/kg daily) has been variably effective, and cyclosporine, mycophenolate mofetil, and budesonide have been beneficial in selected patients. The key cholestatic features that influence the prognosis of autoimmune hepatitis must be defined and incorporated into the definition of the syndrome rather than rely on designations that imply the co-mingling of different diseases with manifestations of variable clinical relevance. The overlap syndromes in autoimmune hepatitis are imprecise, heterogeneous, and unfounded, but they constitute a clinical reality that must be accepted, diagnosed, refined, treated, and studied.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.