ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2012
Toward an animal model of the human tear film: biochemical comparison of the mouse, canine, rabbit, and human meibomian lipidomes.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 59 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
59 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dyslipidemia and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Utility of Lipidomics and Experimental Prospects with a Diet-Induced Obesity Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Pooled it
- Pharmacologic Alteration of Meibum Lipid Composition Alleviates Dry Eye Phenotype in Awat2-/- Mice.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Lipid Composition and Thermotropic Properties of Meibum of Animal Models and Humans with Meibomian Gland Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Antibacterial Potential of Lucilia sericata (Meigen, 1826) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Maggot Excretions/Secretions in Presence of Human Tear Fluid.Neotropical entomology · 2025Article
- Spatial transcriptome analysis of the human eyelid depicts meibomian gland cell differentiation: A pilot study.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- Identification of tear lipid biomarkers in women with dry eye disease and the impact of intense pulsed light therapy: a case-control study.BMC ophthalmology · 2025Observational
- Lipid composition determines thermotropic properties of meibum of animals and humans with Meibomian gland disorders.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- The effects of age and dysfunction on meibomian gland population dynamics.The ocular surface · 2024Article
- Assessment of lipid layer patterns in domestic dogs and rabbits: an observational study.Open veterinary journal · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Assessment of Tear-Film-Oriented Diagnosis (TFOD) in a Dacryoadenectomy Dry Eye Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Full thickness 3D in vitro conjunctiva model enables goblet cell differentiation.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Meibomian gland stem/progenitor cells: The hunt for gland renewal.The ocular surface · 2023Article
- A comparative review of evaporative dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction in dogs and humans.Veterinary ophthalmology · 2023Review
- A review of rabbit models of meibomian gland dysfunction and scope for translational research.Indian journal of ophthalmology · 2023Review
- Dynamic Changes in the Gene Expression Patterns and Lipid Profiles in the Developing and Maturing Meibomian Glands.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Mouse models in studies on the etiology of evaporative dry eye disease.Experimental eye research · 2022Review
- Conception and early pregnancy in the mare: lipidomics the unexplored frontier.Reproduction & fertility · 2022Review
- Expression of Acyl-CoA wax-alcohol acyltransferase 2 (AWAT2) by human and rabbit meibomian glands and meibocytes.The ocular surface · 2022Article
- Correction to The Properties and Role ofThe Journal of organic chemistry · 2021Article
- Novel Lipids of the Rabbit Harderian Gland Improve Tear Stability in an Animal Model of Dry Eye Disease.Journal of ocular pharmacology and therapeutics : the official journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeSecretions that are produced by meibomian glands (also known as meibum) are a major source of lipids for the ocular surface of humans and animals alike. Many animal species have been evaluated for their meibomian lipidomes. However, there have been a very small number of studies in which the animals were compared with humans side by side. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare meibum collected from humans and three typical laboratory animals, canines, mice, and rabbits, for their meibomian lipid composition in order to determine which animal species most resembles humans.
methodsHigh pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) in combination with mass spectrometry were used to evaluate lipidomes of all tested species.
resultsAmong three tested animal species, mice were found to be the closest match to humans in terms of their meibomian lipidomes, while canines were the second closest species. The lipids of these three species were close to each other structurally and, for most lipid classes, quantitatively. The rabbit meibomian lipidome, on the other hand, was vastly different from lipidomes of all other tested species. Interestingly, a previously described class of lipids, acylated omega-hydroxy fatty acids (OAHFA), was found to be present in every tested species as the major amphiphilic component of meibum.
conclusionsOur side by side comparison of the rabbit and the human meibum demonstrated their vast differences. Thus, the rabbit seems to be a poor animal model of the human tear film, at least when studying its biochemistry and biophysics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.