ArticlePloS one2012
Three decades of farmed escapees in the wild: a spatio-temporal analysis of Atlantic salmon population genetic structure throughout Norway.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers.
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Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gene flow, kinship, and source population assignment in Chrysomya blow flies.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Domestication-Admixed Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Establish a Productive Population in the Wild.Ecology letters · 2026Article
- Limited inbreeding avoidance at the gamete level despite inbreeding depression in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).The Journal of animal ecology · 2025Article
- Population genetic structure of Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) of the Egyptian fauna.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Genetic Recovery of Two Wild Seatrout Populations Following Long-Term Stocking With Non-Native Conspecifics.Molecular ecology · 2025Article
- Physiology and morphology of clonal Atlantic salmon-influence of incubation temperature, ploidy, and zygosity.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2025Article
- Parallel Selection in Domesticated Atlantic Salmon from Divergent Founders Including on Whole-Genome Duplication-derived Homeologous Regions.Genome biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Article
- Introgression affectsEvolutionary applications · 2024Article
- Fine-scale environmentally associated spatial structure of lumpfish (Evolutionary applications · 2023Article
- Review: Recent Applications of Gene Editing in Fish Species and Aquatic Medicine.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2023Review
- Review
- Global, regional, and cryptic population structure in a high gene-flow transatlantic fish.PloS one · 2023Article
- Population genomics and phylogeography of the boll weevil,Evolutionary applications · 2021Article
- Dead-end (dnd) protein in fish-a review.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2021Review
- Not that clean: Aquaculture-mediated translocation of cleaner fish has led to hybridization on the northern edge of the species' range.Evolutionary applications · 2021Article
- Effects of ploidy and salmonid alphavirus infection on the skin and gill microbiome of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar).PloS one · 2021Article
- Rescue of germ cells in dnd crispant embryos opens the possibility to produce inherited sterility in Atlantic salmon.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Production and verification of the first Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) clonal lines.BMC genetics · 2020Article
- Chromosome aberrations in pressure-induced triploid Atlantic salmon.BMC genetics · 2020Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Each year, hundreds of thousands of domesticated farmed Atlantic salmon escape into the wild. In Norway, which is the world's largest commercial producer, many native Atlantic salmon populations have experienced large numbers of escapees on the spawning grounds for the past 15-30 years. In order to study the potential genetic impact, we conducted a spatio-temporal analysis of 3049 fish from 21 populations throughout Norway, sampled in the period 1970-2010. Based upon the analysis of 22 microsatellites, individual admixture, F(ST) and increased allelic richness revealed temporal genetic changes in six of the populations. These changes were highly significant in four of them. For example, 76% and 100% of the fish comprising the contemporary samples for the rivers Vosso and Opo were excluded from their respective historical samples at P=0.001. Based upon several genetic parameters, including simulations, genetic drift was excluded as the primary cause of the observed genetic changes. In the remaining 15 populations, some of which had also been exposed to high numbers of escapees, clear genetic changes were not detected. Significant population genetic structuring was observed among the 21 populations in the historical (global F(ST) =0.038) and contemporary data sets (global F(ST) =0.030), although significantly reduced with time (P=0.008). This reduction was especially distinct when looking at the six populations displaying temporal changes (global F(ST) dropped from 0.058 to 0.039, P=0.006). We draw two main conclusions: 1. The majority of the historical population genetic structure throughout Norway still appears to be retained, suggesting a low to modest overall success of farmed escapees in the wild; 2. Genetic introgression of farmed escapees in native salmon populations has been strongly population-dependent, and it appears to be linked with the density of the native population.
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