Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22915810›Full record

ArticleJournal of virology2012

Inclusion bodies are a site of ebolavirus replication.

Thomas Hoenen, Reed S Shabman, Allison Groseth, Astrid Herwig, Michaela Weber, Gordian Schudt, Olga Dolnik, Christopher F Basler, Stephan Becker, Heinz Feldmann

Open access · bronzeAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of virology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 140 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
140citing papers in PubMed
5.5field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

140 citing papers in PubMed, 225 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
  2. Article
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  4. Review
  5. 25 Years of Ebola Virus VP35 Research.Journal of molecular biology · 2025
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Direct Intercellular Transport Mode of Filovirus Nucleocapsids.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
    Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
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  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Review

80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.

Thomas HoenenLaboratory for Virology, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, Montana, USA.
Reed S Shabman
Allison Groseth
Astrid Herwig
Michaela Weber
Gordian Schudt
Olga Dolnik
Christopher F Basler
Stephan Becker
Heinz Feldmann
Philipps University of Marburg · DENational Institutes of Health · USIcahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · US

Funding

Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers: Disease Modeling and TransmissionZIAAI001089 · NIAID · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ALLERGY AND INFECTIOUS DISEASES · PI FELDMANN, HEINRICH · 2009 to 2025
$50.7M
Ebola VP35 Interferon-Antagonist: Mechanism and SignifR01AI059536 · NIAID · MOUNT SINAI SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF NYU · PI BASLER, CHRISTOPHER F · 2005 to 2015
$4.2M
Development of pan-filoviral inhibitors of replication targeting VP35 proteinsR56AI093786 · NIAID · ICAHN SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AT MOUNT SINAI · PI BASLER, CHRISTOPHER F · 2011 to 2011
$761k
NIAID NIH HHS AI059536NIAID NIH HHS AI093786NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI059536NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI093786
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Inclusion bodies are a characteristic feature of ebolavirus infections in cells. They contain large numbers of preformed nucleocapsids, but their biological significance has been debated, and they have been suggested to be aggregates of viral proteins without any further biological function. However, recent data for other viruses that produce similar structures have suggested that inclusion bodies might be involved in genome replication and transcription. In order to study filovirus inclusion bodies, we fused mCherry to the ebolavirus polymerase L, which is found in inclusion bodies. The resulting L-mCherry fusion protein was functional in minigenome assays and incorporated into virus-like particles. Importantly, L-mCherry fluorescence in transfected cells was readily detectable and distributed in a punctate pattern characteristic for inclusion bodies. A recombinant ebolavirus encoding L-mCherry instead of L was rescued and showed virtually identical growth kinetics and endpoint titers to those for wild-type virus. Using this virus, we showed that the onset of inclusion body formation corresponds to the onset of viral genome replication, but that viral transcription occurs prior to inclusion body formation. Live-cell imaging further showed that inclusion bodies are highly dynamic structures and that they can undergo dramatic reorganization during cell division. Finally, by labeling nascent RNAs using click technology we showed that inclusion bodies are indeed the site of viral RNA synthesis. Based on these data we conclude that, rather than being inert aggregates of nucleocapsids, ebolavirus inclusion bodies are in fact complex and dynamic structures and an important site at which viral RNA replication takes place.

Indexed as

Virus ReplicationAnimalsArtificial Gene FusionCell LineEbolavirusGenes, ReporterHumansInclusion Bodies, ViralLuminescent ProteinsMicroscopy, FluorescenceRecombinant Fusion ProteinsRed Fluorescent ProteinRNA-Dependent RNA PolymeraseTransfectionViral ProteinsLuminescent ProteinsRecombinant Fusion ProteinsRed Fluorescent ProteinRNA-Dependent RNA PolymeraseViral Proteins

Identifiers

PMID22915810
PMCPMC3486333
OpenAlexW2096009548

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.